The role and function of the state have been reduced or decentralized by informatization and democratization throughout the world. With the advance of globalization and localization, local governance policies are attempted as administrative procedures...
The role and function of the state have been reduced or decentralized by informatization and democratization throughout the world. With the advance of globalization and localization, local governance policies are attempted as administrative procedures and place marketing strategies as economic means for solving local problems and promoting local development.
As many local self‐governing bodies are developing local festivals as an effort of strategic marketing for enhancing the total competitiveness of localities, this study purposed to discuss local governance involved in the place marketing of local festivals. There have been several studies for deriving governance factors for the success of local festivals in the dimension of festival or tourism, but few of them discussed local governance by connecting cultural tourism or festival strategies to place marketing. In this sense, it is meaningful to approach organizational network in connection to place marketing strategies and local governance, which are discussed as new management methods these days.
The objective of this study was to find implications for more effective place marketing strategies through discussing relations between local governance factors and place marketing organization mix strategies. The theoretical study reviewed place marketing strategies and local governance and examined the relation between the two. Based on the theoretical study, we derived local governance factors from place marketing organization mix strategies, and built an analysis frame.
The case study used the Hampyeong Butterfly Festival as the case. Place marketing strategies and organization mix strategies were examined based on local governance factors. Derived local governance factors were organization environmental conditions, organization network structuring strategies, and organization network operation strategies. Organization environmental conditions included the composition and roles of the festival organization, resources, and community characteristics. Organization network structuring strategies included criteria for partnership participation, partnership type, and network manager, and organization network operation strategies included network path and interaction control.
The results of this study are as follows. The development of the Hampyeong Butterfly Festival was divided into four stages, which were introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage, and settlement stage, according to festival scale and major marketing strategy. Through these stages, it consolidated partnership and developed from building up festival hardware to reinforcing software. The key organization of the festival was the public sector of the locality consisting of the magistrate of Hampyeong County and the civil servants of the county office, and the organization was involved in all the stages of the festival and supervised the network as the network manager. On the contrary, the Festival Promotion Committee and private sectors participated partially in the execution and evaluation of the festival, and thus, their influence was not high and their network was not solid either. Through the development stages of the Butterfly Festival, local governance factors were applied differently to organization mix strategies. Organization environmental conditions were strengthened in the introduction stage, organization network structuring strategies in the growth stage, and organization environmental conditions and organization network structuring strategies in the maturity stage. In addition, necessities for organization network structuring strategies and organization network operation strategies were raised in the settlement stage.
The results of Hampyeong Butterfly Festival are as follows. Place marketing strategies were flexible works by stages through feedback and local governance factors were applied discriminatively in organizations mix strategies. In addition, derived problems were when we ignored local governance factors in organization strategies by chance. The implicatures of this study are as follow. If place marketing strategies should apply on organization by stages and discriminatively which is main agent to reflect propulsion, planning and practice, then organization mix strategies are carried out, when propel place marketing strategies of local festival, stable and sustainable place marketing strategies are guaranteed and we can prospect effective results as a whole.
The implications of this study for policies are as follows. First, for place marketing, we need to establish organization mix strategies that reflect local governance factors appropriately for each development stage of festivals. Second, systems should be established to facilitate communication for activating network. Third, network structuring strategies should be established and the missions and goals of place marketing should be shared in order to induce private sectors’ involvement from the stage of festival planning. Fourth, an organization specialized in place marketing (tentatively called ‘Place Marketing Bureau’) should be organized with members from public and private sectors in order to provide comprehensive supports to festival marketing.