시각문화(視覺文化)콘텐츠의 소통(疏通) 연구 = A Study on Communication of Visual Cultural Contents

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The world we live in today is full of visual images. Such images express our ideas in the world around us, relay our intentions or are the center of mutual communication. At the same time, visual images are gradually increasing in our culture. Although modernism placed priority on language and forms of characters and texts in understanding culture but visual culture began as a product of history of mankind from the beginning of civilization as a form of understanding life and character culture that reached its peak as a result of printing technology is no longer the only method of communication and it is gradually yielding its place to electronic media. This change that began in the 1950’s entered a new stage at the turn of the millennium. Advancement of electronic media that were introduced with the radio and the television developed from analog to digital with personal computers, and now we live in the world of images that were technologically reproduced. The computer that once mainly created texts, numbers, and symbols also create and exchange complexly intimate visual data. Of course, although sense of hearing and touch also play important roles in communication, it can be said that our values, opinions, and beliefs are more convincingly delivered through forms of visual culture that are easily encountered in everyday life.
The awareness that today’s technological reform is resulting in not only simple extension and improvement of existing technological system but also in new scientific paradigm based on qualitative social structure is rapidly expanding. The era of visual culture recognizes objects through images and creates new images. Images are short lived and are affected by interfering conveyances. Today, ambiguous images, or symbols that do not have significance or subject create new images. Through images that are created using media it became an opportunity for pledging fantasy and linguistic world by inducing media subordination and distortion of reality, and becomes the psychological basis of social communication. This is challenging communication method of the era of printing media that had aimed for accordance based on rationality. Even in the visual culture of the 21st century, senses more than reason, personal meaning more than that of a group, economy more than politics, and system more than ideologies are prioritized.
With rapid advancement of various mass media and information communications, the world has become one in which it moves, feels, and think together. In order to teach individuals of the new generation of the future to respect each other’s individuality and ideas, and to aim for expansion of thoughts as well as receptive and communication skills, proper understanding of the visual culture. The new generation equipped with digital cameras camera phones is developing new language competence based on imaged in the flood of images and today’s PCs are connected to all PCs through a complex network. The internet that is commonly recognized as being “bi-directional” created a new culture that is different from the “unilateral” of the past.
This study broadly addresses various comprehensive theories related to various visual media from ways of expressing ourselves using images and mutually communicating to learning pleasure through it. The term “cultural culture” encompasses various forms of media from arts, films, photographs, television, and advertisements to visual data used in science, medicine, education, legislation. This study observes significances pertaining to visual culture compounded by such various forms and also addresses how the visual culture that appear in various forms are communicated in our lives.
Actually, there is a need to understand visual culture as a comprehensive concept that is complexly differentiated. This is because when we encounter a particular visual media, we are able to make a correlation with another media or another domain of life that originates from it. In this way, the experience of perceiving something does not occur independently. It is influenced by different memories and images of our life.
It was just recently that photography, film, computer graphics, mixed media, and installation art was added to art history. Multifaceted cultural studies of different areas that surfaced since the late 1970’s became an opportunity to understanding the importance of every day use of images and the mass media. One of the important purposes of visual culture studies is in allowing the general public or consumers (users) to understand the society more accurately through visual media. In addition, because we experience the many angles of combinations that occur between different visual media by observing images, this study also needed to explore various areas related to cultural studies, studies of photography, firm, and media, as well as those in art history, social history, and anthropology.
This study especially is deeply related to visual culture of visual form of expression such as paintings, photographs, films, and television. It is not to say that studies pertaining to such visual culture separate images from the various method of expressions such as writing, spoken words, language, and other experiences. The goal of this study is in understanding the functions of images from a broader scope of culture through theories of visual culture and also to observe the messages delivered to our lives past the simple perception of the image through the act of seeing.
After industrial capitalism, the economy broke down the barrier between social domains and cultural domains such as arts, news, and consumerism, and post-modernism stimulated diversified fusion through circulation and exchange of images. It cannot be helped but to say that how visual culture contents, a central media of the new communications culture is systemized and materialized is a very important problem. Through exploration of the essential attribute of the act of seeing, it was verified that communication is the fundamental social function of visual culture contents. Visual culture contents harmonize relationships between social groups, deliver culture, commercial information, morals, and behavior, and also communicate various information and emotions. In other words, visual culture contents is a necessary element among the various cultures of mankind, and has a close relationship with societal life.
In today’s world, picture signs have taken an important position as a communications tool. The mass amount of picture signs are fueled by the arrival of digital information era and taken an important position from physical to emotional domains, even efficiently replacing the functions of text signs. Visual language is a medium of exchange that has been used even before man created language, is most primitive and simple, and because it is also the quickest from of communication with excellent ability to reenact reality, it continues to develop and advance today.
A study revealed that when a person takes in a piece of information, 83% is via sight, 11%, is by hearing, as apposed to 5% by sense of smell and touch. This speaks well for the importance of visual culture. When consumption pattern of visual culture contents is observed, consumers have shifted from passive consumption to active consumption, and as demand for aesthetic sense in visual culture contents surfaced, consumption environment changed to an era that needs “bi-directional communication.” As a result of rapid development of various mass media, the world has become one in which it moves, feels, and thinks simultaneously together. Especially with internet supply and rapid development of electronic media, the general public are place in an environment of broad visual culture such as TV, film, photographs, web, and digital environments. Therefore, studies that allow people to respect each person’s individuality and their thinking, and at the same time allow them to develop proper way for accepting different thoughts is needed.
Perspective drawing, a traditional visual system, is dissolved as a result of the passage of time despite being a visual system that is devoted to the principles of optical technology. Perspective drawing is dissolved and is transformed to multi-point view visual system, which is then transformed to multi layer view visual system. In order to understand visual changes brought on by development of media, theoretic background of perspective drawing will be observed, and circumstances and background of the time period in which perspective drawing was formed in the renaissance period will be examined through context of time. In other words, by researching the historical changes of perspective drawing, the essence and influence of perspective drawing will be comprehensively reexamined. Also, this study will shed light on the relationship between reproduction and original based on digitalization of an image that stems from changes in visual culture contents as result of expansion of digital media such as photographs, film, television, and computer that have dissolved perspective drawing. In addition, in what ways communications that penetrate the digital media era appear in the overall visual culture contents will be observed.
Debate on cultural phenomenon of visual culture contents is actively taking place with qualitative increase and qualitative development. However, studies on proper understanding of visual culture contents and its efficient reception are still at the beginning stages. Therefore the purpose of this study is to reveal the meaning of efficient reception of visual culture contents that is being presented at the beginning level in today’s visual culture contents and the meaning of reception and reproduction of visual culture contents. Specifically, original “communication” method of visual culture contents (media) will be explored to present alternative for improving cultural interpretation of communication.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 9
• 1. 문제제기 및 연구목적 = 9
• 2. 논문의 구성 및 범위 = 13
• 3. 연구방법 = 15
• Ⅱ. “본다”의 의미 = 17
• 1. 시각문화콘텐츠와 소통의 개념 = 17
• 2. 시각(視覺)과 시선(視線)의 의미 = 22
• 1) 시각(視覺) = 22
• 2) 시선(視線) = 24
• 3. 대상(對象)의 유(有)와 무(無)의 실체 = 26
• 1) 대상(對象)의 유(有)와 무(無)의 양립 = 26
• 2) 대상(對象)의 유(有)와 무(無)의 융합 = 30
• 4. 보는 행위와 대상의 의미 체계 = 33
• 1) 행위(行爲) = 33
• 2) 대상(對象) = 36
• 5. 소 결 = 38
• Ⅲ. 시각(視覺)의 다양한 의미층위 = 40
• 1. 아날로그 시대의 시각문화콘텐츠 = 40
• 1) 하나의 시점이 주는 효과 = 40
• (1) 눈에 보이는 것 = 40
• (2) 눈에 보이지 않는 것 = 42
• (3) 눈에 보이는 것과 보이지 않는 것의 융합 = 45
• 2) 다양한 시점이 주는 효과 = 46
• 3) 시점의 배제 = 50
• 4) 한국의 시각문화와 원근법의 수용 = 53
• 2. 디지털 시대의 시각문화콘텐츠 = 58
• 1) 기계복제 시대의 아우라(Aura) = 59
• 2) 아날로그 시각문화에서 디지털 시각문화로의 변주 = 62
• 3) 아우라(Aura)의 소멸과 아우라(Aura)의 재해석 = 65
• (1) 아우라(Aura)의 소멸 = 65
• (2) 아우라(Aura)의 재해석 = 69
• 3. 시각 기재(器財)의 발달 = 73
• 4. 소 결 = 85
• Ⅳ. 미디어의 발달과 시각의 확장 = 88
• 1. 시각문화콘텐츠의 중요한 형성소 = 88
• 1) 기호로서의 시각문화콘텐츠 = 88
• 2) 사진이미지 = 90
• 2. 소통도구로서의 이미지 = 93
• 3. 이미지의 재현과 시각의 확장 = 101
• 1) 시공간의 재현과 환영 = 103
• 2) 시공간 연속체의 해체와 시각주체 = 108
• 3) 이미지의 가상화와 하이퍼텍스트(hypertext) = 111
• 4. 소 결 = 119
• Ⅴ. 시각문화콘텐츠의 컨버전스와 인터랙티브 = 122
• 1. 컨버전스(Convergence)와 인터랙티브(Interactive) 개념 및 특성 = 122
• 1) 컨버전스(Convergence)의 개념 및 특성 = 122
• 2) 인터랙티브(Interactive)의 개념 및 특성 = 129
• 2. 미디어의 융합과 개인화 = 138
• 3. 미디어의 컨버전스와 인터랙티브 실현 = 143
• 1) 1 : 1의 소통 = 146
• 2) 1 : 공중(대다수)의 소통 = 150
• 3) 1 : 특정계층의 소통 = 155
• 4. 소 결 = 160
• Ⅵ. 결론 = 163
• 참고문헌 = 169
• Abstract = 176