The purpose of this study is to improve the ability to distinguish facts and opinions by systematizing the elements of fact sentences and constructing guidance plans. In order to distinguish facts and opinions, firstly the concepts of the facts are an...
The purpose of this study is to improve the ability to distinguish facts and opinions by systematizing the elements of fact sentences and constructing guidance plans. In order to distinguish facts and opinions, firstly the concepts of the facts are analyzed and the concepts of the fact sentences should be constructed based on that. In addition, the study classified the elements that construct the facts into formal elements and content elements and examined how they were applied during the process of distinguishing real fact sentences. Based on that, the degree of difficulty of linguistic materials to teach was decided and strategies were developed.
Although the distinction between facts and opinions is nucleus' ability that becomes the fundamental of critical reading, there are no particular standards to define the clear concept of facts or distinguish facts and opinions. In fact, while readers have some problems with confusing the term of 'fact' with 'truth,' the concepts of 'fact' and 'fact sentence' were divided in order to avoid being mixed in use. As 'fact sentence' mentioned here is the sentence to distinguish 'fact' from 'falsely', it can avoid the complexity of the term of 'fat' and is useful in academic purposes.
Based on the concept of fact sentences, this study seeks the components of fact sentences. The formal elements of fact sentences are declarative ending of a word, present, past tenses. Although the standards of the content elements do not correspond with the elements of words of clear, concrete, and existential contents, they are the elements of the words in senses, properties, conditions, degrees and abstract contents that can be distinguished by general and universal standards. Furthermore, they can be divided by 4 patterns; concrete object· movement/ substantial existence/ senses, properties, conditions, and degrees/ abstract concept. The standards divide the elements of clear contents into 'fault fact sentence' and the sentences with the elements of general and universal contents into 'middle layer fact sentence.'
On the other hand, as the process of exploring fact sentences was examined by focusing on the use of fact sentence elements, it can be divided into 2 stages; predicate confirmation and subject confirmation. In addition, The total process of 6 stages appeared by departmentalizing the stage of predicate confirmation into 4 stages; predicate finding, the confirmation of ending word elements, the confirmation of tense elements, and the confirmation of content elements in predicate and the stage of the confirmation of subjects into 2 stages; subject finding and the confirmation of content elements in subjects.
Finally, according to the degree of the elements of fact sentences, the degree of difficulty of the distinction of fact sentences can be established in 5 stages. In addition, based on the degree of difficulties of the elements of fact sentences, the process of distinction, and the degree of difficulty in distinction, guidance strategies and the plans to produce linguistic materials can be prepared. Namely, actually, according to the 6 stages of the distinction of fact sentences, the strategies to distinguish fact sentences are decided and the plans to produce linguistic materials for the degree of difficulty are determined according to the elements of fact sentences and the degree of difficulty.
This study prepared the plans to teach strategically to distinguish facts and opinions by analyzing the concepts of facts in various methods, systematizing the elements of fact sentence, and analyzing the process and attempted to help distinguish facts and opinions and construct linguistic materials.