靑少年들의 吸煙. 飮酒實態와 關聯要因 : Aspects of Middle and High School Students' Drinking and Smoking

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 청소년의 흡연 및 음주실태와 관련요인을 분석·고찰하기 위하여 경북일부지역(구미 및 인근소재) 중등학생 540명을 임의 선정하여 2002년 7월에서 2002년 9월까지 3개월 간 무기명 자기 기입식 설문조사를 실시하였으며 그 결과 다음과 같다.
1. 조사대상자의 성별은 남학생이 45.7%, 여학생이 54.3%, 중·고별로는 중학생이 32.6% 고등학생이 67.4%, 학문계열로는 인문계가 22.0%, 실업계가 78.0%였다.
2. 조사대상자의 가족관련 특성은 부모님의 교육수준은 고졸이 부 58.0%, 모 58.4%로 가장 높았고 동거가족으로는 조부모와 부모함께 16.2%, 부모 69.9% 편모 6.6%, 편부 3.9% 양부 또는 양모 1.0%, 기타(형제, 친구) 1.4%였다.
보호자 직업으로는 전문기술직 27.1%, 단순일용직 20.3%, 판매서비스직 17.4%순이었으며, 동거가족수로는 1명이 1.4%, 2명이 10.5%, 3명이 35.0%, 4명이 30.5%, 5명이상이 22.7로 부모님과 함께 생활하는 경우가 가장 많았다.
3. 특성별 흡연경험은 남학생이 43.6%, 여학생이 12.2%, 학문계열로는 인문계가 5.3% 실업계가 44.7%, 학년별로는 중학생이 11.4% 고등학생이 33.9%로 나타나 남학생이 여학생보다, 실업계가 인문계보다, 고등학생이 중학생보다 높은 것을 알 수 있으며 특성별 흡연경험은 성별, 학문계열, 학년별로 상당한 유의한 차이가 있으며, 또한 동거가족수에 따라 통계학적으로 유의성이 있었다.
현 거주지역으로는 읍·면지역 15.5% 비해 중소도시가 38.3%로 높아 거주지역별로도 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 경제상태별로는 상 20.7%, 중 24.0%, 하 37.5%로 경제상태가 낮을수록 흡연경험이 높게 나타나 경제상태별로도 유의한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.
4. 현재 동거인에서 조부모와 부모 함께 14.5%, 부모 26.5%, 기타(편부, 편모, 친척 등) 40.8%로 결손가정일수록 높은 흡연율을 보여 동거 가족에 따라 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 가정생활에 불만족하고 학교성적이 하(70%이상)인 학생이 높았으며 또한 보호자직업에 있어서는 판매서비스직 36.0%, 전문기술직 30.2%, 단순일용직 순으로 판매서비스직이 타 군보다 높았고 보호자 직업, 가정생활, 성적은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.
5. 건강상태와 생활만족별 흡연율에서는 가정생활에 불만족한 학생이 45.3%로 타군보다 높아 유의한 차이가 있으며, 일상생활, 교우관계 건강상태, 스트레스에 의한 유의한 차이는 없었다.
6. 건강행위 및 고민별 흡연율에서 음주빈도로 보면 월 1회 이하 16.4%, 월 2회 이상 54.8%로 음주횟수가 많을수록 흡연율이 높았고, 운동을 하지 않는 것보다 하는 경우가 높아 음주와 운동에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다.
고민별로는 가정불화가 50.0%, 이성문제 39.2%, 경제적 여건 34.6%, 그리고 외모와 성적순으로 나타나 가정불화가 타군보다 높아 흡연율이 가장 많은 영향을 미치고 있었다.
7. 특성별 음주율을 성별로 보면 여학생 28.4%에 비해 남학생 37.2%로 높았으며, 학문계열로는 실업계 46.7%, 인문계 16.0%, 학년별로는 중학생 21.0%, 고등학생 38.0%, 현 거주지역별로는 중소도시 37.1%, 읍·면지역 28.0, 경제상태로는 상 27.6%, 중 29.0%, 하 46.2%로 여학생보다는 남학생이 인문계보다는 실업계가 읍·면지역 보다는 중소도시가 높았고, 경제상태가 낮을수록 또한 높았다. 음주율 역시 성별, 학문계열, 거주지역별, 경제상태별로 상당한 유의한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다.
8. 가족관련 특성별 음주율에서는 동거가족으로 부모 및 조부모 20.5%, 부모 32.1%, 기타(편부모, 형제, 친척 등) 47.9%로 대가족제도에서 음주율이 가장 낮은 것을 알 수 있고, 이와는 반대로 결손가정일수록 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 음주율은 편부모(47.9%) 가정과 가정생활에서 불만족(57.8%) 한 경우 통계학적으로 타군보다 높아 유의한 차이가 있었다.
9. 건강상태와 생활만족도별 음주율은 고민 및 스트레스가 '있다' 34.6%, '없다' 24.0%, 학교생활은 만족 24.1%, 보통 30.6%, 불만족 51.4%로 스트레스와 학교 생활에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다.
10. 건강행위 및 고민에 따른 음주율에서 고민이 많은 경우 음주율이 월2회 이상(90.4%)으로 타군보다 훨씬 높았으며 가장 주된 고민별 음주율에서는 이성문제 51.9%, 가정불화 46.8%, 경제적 여건 46.2%, 다음 순으로 성적, 친구문제, 외모순으로 이성문제가 가장 높은 유의성을 보였다.
11. 흡연경험에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 성별, 학년(중·고), 교우관계, 학교성적, 평소 운동 여부에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다.
12. 음주경험에 영양을 미치는 요인으로는 학년(중·고), 가정생활 및 학교생활만족도, 교우관계, 평소운동여부에 따라 유의한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다.
이상에서 보는바와 같이 정체성이 확립되기도 전인 중등학생기의 흡연과 음주는 성별은 물론 학년, 가정, 학교 등 상호 복합적으로 관련되어 있기 때문에 어느 한사람의 노력만으로는 해결될 수 없는 당면과제라 하겠다. 무엇보다도 국가장래를 젊어질 우리 청소년의 문제인 만큼 하부조직인 학교에서부터 상부조직인 교육부까지 상호 긴밀히 연계하여 추진해야지 만이 정책적 효과를 극대화 할 수 있을 것이며 이를 위하여 가정과 지역사회의 관련단체에서도 적극적으로 관심을 가져 지원 협조해야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to examine aspects of middle and high school students' drinking and smoking with analysis of related factors. The subjects of this study was 540 students in Kyungbuk Province. Data were collected from July, 2002 to September, 2002.
The results of this study can be summarized as follows.
1. According to socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, 45.7% of them was male, while 54.3% was female. 32.6% of them was middle school students and 67.4% was high school students. 22.0% of them was students at academic schools, while 78.0% was students at vocational schools.
2. 58.0% of the respondents had a father who graduated from a high school and 58.4% of them had a mother who graduated from a high school. 69.9% of them lived in the same house with parents and 16.2% of them lived in the same house with grandparents and parents. 6.6% of them lived in the same house with only mother, while 3.9% lived in the same house with only father. 1.0% of them lived in the same house with a foster father or a foster mother. 27.1% of the respondents had the father or the mother working as a technician and 20.3% had the father or the mother working as a daily labor. 17.4% had the father or the mother working as a salesperson. 35.0% of them had three family members and 30.0% had four family members. 10.5% of them had two family members and 1.4% had only one family member. 22.7% of them had more then five family members.
3. 43.6% of the boy students experienced smoking, while 12.2% of the girl students experienced it. 5.3% of the students at academy schools experienced smoking, while 44.7% of the students at vocational schools experienced it. 11.4% of the middle school students experienced smoking, while 33.9% of the high school students experienced it. 15.5% of them who lived in towns or villages experienced smoking and 38.3% of them who lived in small or medium sized cities experienced it. 37.5% of the students who belonged to the lower economic class experienced smoking and 20.7% of the students who belonged to the upper economic class experienced it. 24.0% of the students who belonged to the middle economic class experienced it. It appears that the respondents showed significantly different smoking experience rates by gender, school types, grades, the number of family members, residences, and economic classes.
4. 14.5% of the respondents who lived with grandparents and parents experienced smoking and 26.5% of them who lived with parents experienced it. The smoking rate was significantly high in the groups of having one-parent, being unsatisfied with family life, making poor grades in studies, and having the father or the mother working as a salesperson.
5. 45.3% of the respondents who were unsatisfied with family life experienced smoking. The smoking rate of the respondents who were unsatisfied with it was significantly higher than that of the other groups. On the other hand, the smoking rates were not significantly different by daily life, schoolmate relation, health condition, and feeling stress.
6. According to smoking rate by frequency of drinking, 16.4% of the respondents who drank less than once a month smoked and 54.8% of them who drank more than twice a month smoked. The more frequently they drank, the higher their smoking rate was. Those who did exercise displayed significantly higher smoking rate than those who did not do exercise. Among the rates of the respondents' agonies, family disharmony was 50.5% and love problem was 39.2%. Economic condition problem was 34.6%. It appeared that smoking was most influenced by the family disharmony.
7. 28.4% of the girl students experienced drinking, while 37.2% of the boy students experienced it. 46.7% of the students at vocational schools experienced drinking, while 16.0% of the students at academic schools experienced it. 21.0% of the middle school students experienced drinking and 38.0% of the high school students experienced it. 37.1% of the respondents who lived in small and medium sized cities experienced drinking and 28.0% of them who lived in towns and villages experienced it. The drinking rate was significantly high in the groups of boy students, students at vocational schools, living in small and medium sized cities, and the lower economic class.
8. 32.1% of the respondents who lived with parents experienced drinking and 20.5% of them who lived with grandparents and parents experienced it. The drinking rate of the students who lived in the large family was lowest. The smoking rate of those who had one-parent or those who were unsatisfied with family life was significantly higher than that of the other groups.
9. 34.6% of the respondents who experienced drinking felt stress, while 24.0% of them did not feel stress. In the case of satisfaction level with school life, 24.1% of the respondents who experienced smoking was satisfied with school life, while 51.4% of them was unsatisfied with it. The drinking rate was significantly different by stress feeling level and satisfaction level with school life.
10. 90.4% of the respondents who had lots of agonies drank twice a month. Among the drinking rates related to main agonies, love problem wan highest (51.9%). Family disharmony was 46.8% and poor economic condition was 46.2%.
11. The factors significantly influencing smoking experience were gender, school grade, schoolmate relation, score in studies, and exercise.
12. The factors significantly affecting drinking experience were school grade, satisfaction level with family life and school life, schoolmate relation, and exercise.
From above results, it can be concluded that the students' smoking and drinking is a serious problems which can not be resolved by simple approaches because it is interrelated complicatedly with gender, grade, family, school, etc. Schools, related organizations, and the government must closely work together to maximize the effectiveness of policy implementation concerning the smoking and drinking problem of the middle and high school students.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = 0
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 = 5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 6
• 1. 청소년 흡연·음주의 실태 = 6
• 2. 청소년의 흡연·음주에 관련요인 = 9
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 11
• 1. 조사대상 및 기간 = 11
• 2. 조사방법 = 11
• 3. 조사 도구 = 11
• 4. 자료처리 및 분석 = 12
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 고찰 = 13
• 1. 조사대상자의 일반적 특성 = 13
• 2. 조사 대상자의 가족관련 특성 = 15
• 3. 조사대상자의 흡연실태 = 17
• 1) 일반적 특성별 흡연 경험 = 17
• 2) 가족관련 특성별 흡연율 = 20
• 3) 건강상태와 생활만족도별 흡연율 = 22
• 4) 건강행위 및 고민별 흡연율 = 23
• 4. 조사대상자의 음주실태 = 24
• 1) 일반적 특성별 음주율 = 24
• 2) 가족관련 특성별 음주율 = 26
• 3) 건강상태와 생활 만족도별 음주율 = 28
• 4) 건강행위 및 고민별 음주율 = 29
• 5. 조사대상자의 흡연관련요인 = 30
• 6. 조사대상자의 음주 관련 요인 = 31
• Ⅳ. 요약 및 결론 = 32
• 참고문헌 = 35
• (국문초록) = 39
• (Abstracts) = 42
• 부록 〈일부지역 청소년의 흡연·음주실태와 관련요인 설문조사〉 = 45