This study started in order to show a serious of courses about how a specific folk was formed in a region with some reasons and has been transmitted until the present and its study object is the Im Gyeong-eop religion which was transmitted to coast re...
This study started in order to show a serious of courses about how a specific folk was formed in a region with some reasons and has been transmitted until the present and its study object is the Im Gyeong-eop religion which was transmitted to coast regions.
At present, the Im Gyeop religion shown in coast regions has characteristics such as not only its concentration on coast regions but also close connection with croaker fishery. Furthermore, the fact that the Im Gyeop-eop who is a historical character that lived the Joseon Dynasty is deified as an object of religion in the regions must be a very peculiar cultural phenomenon. The major objectives of this study are to examine how the religion with the characteristics was formed in the communities through what courses and review a series of courses that is transmitted to various regions of the western coast like the present due to what courses.
In order to perform this study's assignments, first of all the transmission aspects of the Im Gyeong-eop religion were examined based on the data of the on-site inspection. Through this, the fact that the religion is concentrated on the fishing villages of the western coast and the differences of functions and roles of the religion according to transmission areas could be realized.
Prior to discussion progress about the reasons for these characteristics of the religion, the factors that the actually existed character, Im Gyeong-eop could be deified were arranged by comparing other defied characters. The main factors how Im Gyeong-eop as a historical character could be deified in the courses could be explained as a general with dauntlessness, representative being for the public life and the public sympathy about his regrettable death.
The Im Gyeong-eop religion qualified as divinity was finally transmitted to the present through the formation and establishment as a village god of the Yeonpyeongdo area after selection and adoption in this area. Above all, the reasons why he could be selected and adopted in the area were that he was closely connected to the Yeonpyeongdo area and contributed to the community and normally made close exchanges with the fishermen. Furthermore, that time immigrants largely moved to the Yeonpyeong area and when full-scale croaker fishery started. he was formed as a village god in the area. As a new and stronger god in compliance with the changes of the times was required to the villagers that time, he was deified as a god as a person of the village who had close relationship with the Yeonpyeong area. After that time, his religious space was acquired and religious service was offered and the Im Gyeong-eop religion was finally established as a village god and in the courses, the faith that the service could ensure a big catch from the croaker fishery became more firmed to continue to the present.
The Im Gyeong-eop religion formed in the Yeonpyeongdo area was gradually extended to various regions. The Im Gyeong-eop religion was spread to other areas by fishermen who visited the Yeonpyeongdo area for the purpose of croaker fishery due to the regional characteristics of the western coast area with those of croakers. At the beginning, it was extended to the islands of Hwanghae-do such as Yongmaedo and Daesuapdo next to Yeonpyeong-do and it was developed to the form of a Baeyeongsingud joint religious service by fishermen. In addition, as the scope of the croaker fishery was more expanded, the Im Gyeong-eop religion was spread to other various areas more than Hwanghae-do. In particular, thanks to the development of fishery technology and fishing boats for fishing croakers, the scope of the fishery right for fishing croakers was much more expanded and it was expanded even to the area where today the Im Gyeong-eop religion can be seen.
However, among the areas where the Im Gyeong-eop religion has been transmitted to the present, the expansion status of Gimpo Oepo-ri and Taean-gun Hwangdo that serve he Im Gyeong-eop religion as their village god relatively these days has a little difference from other areas. The reason why Im Gyeong-eop is served as a village god in the two areas is that these areas' fishery environments are related but it showed different status a little bit when it is considered that the religion was transmitted relatively in the next generation by mediums who came down to the south from the Hwanghae-do area after the Korean War. Moreover, the Im Gyeong-eop religion that spread to areas got to play various functions and roles according to the environments of the occupations in the areas.
The Im Gyeong-eop religion that spread to many areas of the western coast in various types is currently recognized as a god representing the western coast. But at present, the Im Gyeong-eop religion spread to the western coast area is concentrated to mainly Yeonpyeongdo, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do and the whole Hwanghae-do area to which Yeonpyeongdo belong in the past but it is rarely seen in the western coast of Jeonla-do corresponding to the south of Chungnam.
At present, these characteristics of the Im Gyeong-eop religion can be answered by the croaker fishery in the western coast area that has long last. In other words, the past croaker fishery was very restricted differently from the present so that most of fishermen who visited the Yeonpyeongdo area for the purpose of the croaker fishery came from Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do and Hwanghae-do. Particularly, it is proved by the fact that the base of the fishery boats visiting the Yeonpyeong-do area didn't deviate the scope of these areas even during the period when the croaker fishery was popular by wind boats moving from using wind velocity and human power.
The cultural characteristics of the western coast areas could be understood in the courses of discussion progress about the transmission aspects, formation, establishment and expansion of the Im Gyeong-eop religion. One of them is that various cultural phenomena in the western coast area related to the croaker fishery other than the Im Gyeong-eop religion are distributed very remarkably. Baechigi of the oral literature and Jogusim of the new year's customs and Bongjuknori of play can be the fishery folk of representative croaker fishery. Regarding another characteristics, folks with similar types in other areas are found as seen in the Im Gyeong-eop religion. These aspects are more obvious in the oral literature and religious field and in case of religion, Batginarim performed in the maeulgut and Balsimji of the ttbae type can be confirmed.
However, there are many in these various folks related to specially the Hwanghae-do area. The reason why there are many in these folks related to the Hwanghae-do is that it was spread to many areas from the Hwanghae-do area in the course of the croaker fishery. In addition, the cultural characteristics of the Hwanghae-do area can be found a lot in these various folks and it can't be excluded that there are also various folks whose bases are these areas. It can be confirmed from the fact that many residents of the western coast think Bachigi which can be seen the western coast area as a Hwanghae-do folk song and it is believed that it was spread to many areas like today in the course of the croaker fishery.
Even so, as understood through the distribution areas of the Im Gyeong-eop religion, these cultural phenomena can't be seen in the whole areas of the western cost area. The Im Gyeong-eop religion and Bongjuknori whose influence is week in the Jeonla-do area have strong influence on the coast areas of Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do. It can be inferred from the fact that while a tug of war was transmitted in the coast area of Jeonla-do where these folks have weak influence, the marks of a tug of war are hardly seen in the coasts of Gyeonggi-do and Hwanghae-do. Considered this fact, it can be inferred that the cultures of the western coast areas are largely divided into the two areas of Hwanghae-do and Jeonla-do. Today, the present appearance of the coast areas of the northern coast area of Hwanghae-do and the coast area of Pyeongan-do can't be understood exactly but when it comes to only the transmission aspects of the Im Gyeong-eop religion, obviously other cultural areas belong. The reason why these cultural characteristics are shown is that fishermen mainly visiting the Yeonpyeongdo were fishermen of Pyeongan-do, Hwanghae-do, Gyeonggi-do and the northern part of Chungcheong-do and fishery boats visiting the Chilsan fishing banks were the fishermen of the southern part of Chungnam and the Jeonla-do area the during the period when active movement was impossible like today which is the highest possibility.
After considering the above contents, the Im Gyeong-eop religion currently concentrated on the areas of the western coast was expanded to the various areas of the western coast like today as the scope of the croaker fishery was more expanded after its formation in the Yeonpyeong area and its expansion to the whole Hwanghae-do due to the regional characteristics of the western coast. Though the roles of the fishermen visiting the Yeonpyeongdo area for the purpose of the croaker fisher in the expansion course of the Im Gyeong-eop religion were important, it could be understood that the roles of the fishermen and mediums who came down from the North Korea after the Korean War were not small.
However, different from the claim of some researchers, the Im Gyeong-eop religion wasn't spread to the whole area of the western coast. The Im Gyeong-eop religion is concentrated only on parts of Gyeonggi-do, Incheon and Chungcheong-do including Hwanghae-do and it wasn't transmitted in the coast area of Jeonla-do as a type of a village god. The reason why this phenomenon is shown is that it is related to the areas of the croaker fishery closed related to the Im Gyeong-eop religion. In the past, fishery technology wasn't developed so that the fishery right of the croaker fishery was very restricted which was different from today and in this course, the Im Gyeong-eop religion became concentrated only on the areas where the Yeonpyeongdo area were often visited for the purpose of the croaker fishery in the past.
Some cultural characteristics that can be seen in the western coast areas could be understood in a serious of the courses of the Im Gyeong-eop religion. One of them is the fact that fishery folks of the croaker fishery were distributed a lot and similar cultures between areas were not little. In addition, it could be confirmed that there are many things in the various folks were influenced by the Hwanghae-do area. However, as it could be also seen in the Im Gyeong-eop religion, in case of the southern area of Chungnam the influence of the Hwanghae-do are was relatively small. It can be understood that the cultural area of this area is clearly divided from that of the Hwanghae-do. In the western coast area, the cultural area divided from that from the Hwanghae-do is namely the ocean cultural area of Jeonla-do that has a famous a tug of war.