Public design is characterized by that similar projects are repetitively conducted due to the characteristics of projects in the public sector. This implies that there exists a possibility that previously raised problems can take place repetitively. T...
Public design is characterized by that similar projects are repetitively conducted due to the characteristics of projects in the public sector. This implies that there exists a possibility that previously raised problems can take place repetitively. Thus, it is necessary to establish a management system through which problems that have occurred in prior projects can provide feedback for similar projects. Moreover, it is needed to make an institutional device to evaluate the satisfaction and appropriateness of public design such as the improvement of citizens’ life quality or cultural environment according to the induction of public design.
This is a foundational research on developing an objective evaluation system for the appropriateness and effect of design quality in public design projects. It is intended to lay the foundation of the management method for securing efficiency and improving urban environment in public design projects afterwards.
The developmental process of the public design evaluation system and the result suggested in this article are as follows.
As the first step to develop a public design evaluation system, this study conducts theoretical consideration on public design used in Korea and analysis on its trend in order to figure out the concept and range of public design that are understood in Korea. Based on that, this article categorizes the subjects of the public design evaluation system into three types: public structures, public spaces, and public facilities.
Second, grounded on the case study on inside and outside evaluation systems related to design, this paper divides the classification system of the public design evaluation system into three steps: the superordinate concept, subordinate concept, and index.
Third, based on the theoretical consideration on public design and analysis on the goal of the evaluation system, this study draws three superordinate concepts: publicity, design, and effect. In order to derive evaluation items through the subdivision into the aspects of publicity, design, and effect suggested from the superordinate concept, this paper gained total 10 kinds of evaluation items based on the analysis on the items of inside and outside evaluation systems related with design, the contents in the guideline of Design Seoul, and the details in the deliberation and resolution of the Seoul City Design Committee on public design.
Fourth, the evaluation items of superordinate and subordinate concepts drawn in the second step are set up as the common evaluation items for the general subjects of public design. Regarding the index of each evaluation item, detailed evaluation indexes are prepared correspondingly to the concepts of evaluation items by the subjects of public design deduced in the first step.
It was established by applying AHP method, one of the methods to set up the weight of the evaluation item. Moreover, AHP method was used for each subject of public design so as to set up the weight considering the characteristics of the subjects.
Sixth, according to the result of the evaluation, the scoring system was composed of the scores gained from evaluation indexes plus the ones resulted from summative evaluation, the subjective scores of appraisers. The distribution of scores by evaluation indexes occupies 90% while that of scores by summative evaluation was fixed as 10%. With regard to the criteria of the evaluation by evaluation indexes, the evaluation is meant to be conducted by five grades, and the value gained from multiplying the grade rated in the evaluation protocol by the weight is converted into an evaluation score.
For the expression of evaluation result, this study presents the total scores by numerizing the result of each evaluation item so that overall evaluation on the subjects of the evaluation can possibly be carried out. It also expresses achievements by evaluation items with the spider diagram for the intuitive understanding on the merits and demerits of the evaluation subjects.
Through this process, the evaluation model has been designed. Finally, simulation is conducted for the subjects by the types of public design as a way to investigate the appropriateness of the evaluation model suggested above.
According to the result of the simulation, the deviation of the evaluation scores by appraisers was not great, in general; thus, it can be thought that relatively objective evaluation indexes have been found. After the problems raised through the simulation process have been corrected and complemented, the final evaluation model is suggested.
The evaluation system proposed in this research is the one with the concept of post-evaluation which is carried out in the completion stage. In order for the evaluation system of public design to exhibit effectiveness, it will be essential to conduct follow-up researches on methods to apply the evaluation system to not just the completion stage but the whole steps including planning, design, deliberation, construction, and use of public deign as well.