The "National Land Planning and Utilization Act(NLPUA)" effective since 2003, strengthened the role of Basic Urban Planning as a plan-led system. It requires Si/Gun with over 100 thousands population, within the metropolitan area or on the border of o...
The "National Land Planning and Utilization Act(NLPUA)" effective since 2003, strengthened the role of Basic Urban Planning as a plan-led system. It requires Si/Gun with over 100 thousands population, within the metropolitan area or on the border of other metropolitan cities to draw up their own Basic Urban Planning. The Basic Urban Planning as a policy plan, comprehensive plan, and strategic plan contains the twelve sectoral plans. This study focused on the two planning sectors, population projection and land utilization planning. Since each demands of residential, commercial, and industrial land uses is estimated according to the projected population, the effective land utilization is based on the rational population projection. Also population planning and land utilization planning guide other planning sectors such as the estimation of future housing demand or urban infrastructure planning.
In order to investigate the relationship between population projection and land utilization planning, this study analyzed and compared the Basic Urban Planning documents and the draft reports for the planning of 31 Si/Gun in GyeoungGi province. And to collect empirical evidences, this study examined understandings of the public officers and contract planners who participated in making and deciding process of the Basic Urban Plannings.
The conclusions and implications of this study can be summarized as these:
Firstly, future population tends to be overestimated in the process of establishing a basic plan. To solve this problem, a system of 'regional reserved population' is suggested as an alternative approach. It is a system allocating the planning population of a fixed rate to the city which needs to be developed, considering that migration pattern of a municipality is originated from the relationships among neighboring cities.
Secondly, population forecasting method in the "National Guide on the Establishment of City Master Plan" have a few shortcomings. Since it reflects only the population growth by the development project which is definitely settled the social increase of population, it is difficult to infuse future development strategies of a city into its master plan or even it is unable to forecast future population in a declining city. In the case of a city which has few development projects the strategic development policy of the city should consider population planning maintaining the rationality and objectivity of population projection by the relative experts' participation.
Thirdly, some measures to prevent widening gap between projected population and realized population. When the decided Basic Urban Planning is revised, a total area of future growth area should be adjusted according to the deviation of population forecast. Some regulatory approach can be suggested, such as financial disincentive regarding subsidy from central government and invocation of supervision right by the Minster of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs(MLTM).
Fourthly, since estimated population growth tends to be distributed into early stages of planning period, the modification range of projected population between stages should be widened from 'below 30%' to 'over 30%', which depends on local authority's decision.
Fifthly, analysis on the usable land should precede land utilization planning. Standards for analyzing usable land should be enhanced and linked with land suitability assessment.
Sixthly, in order to estimate an appropriate land demand it is required to vary the methods by linking the average land development status and the estimating standards.
Seventhly, planning measures for rural land management are necessary. Diversification of preservative land, introduction of new planning methods for rural development, and linking rural development system with city master plan can be suggested.
Eighthly, since overriding basic urban planning by other project-based development system or acts is collide with the plan-led development principle, the permission of overriding basic urban planning should be limited only to the cases or projects decided by other higher level plans.
Ninthly, as population projection and land utilization planning are closely connected each other, in order to keep from overestimation of population or overuse of land, population estimation in the basic urban planning should be drawn up conforming to higher-level plans like the metropolitan planning.
In this study, problems of population projection and land utilization planning in the basic urban planning since the enforcement of the NLPUA were turned up and possible solutions were devised. It is meaningful to point the direction of improving the planning system regarding the Basic Urban Planning which is revised once every 5 years.