The objective of this research is to seek the improvement program of education and welfare to improve education situation of schools in farming, mountain and fishing village of Gangwon-do whose educational environment has been aggravated due to change...
The objective of this research is to seek the improvement program of education and welfare to improve education situation of schools in farming, mountain and fishing village of Gangwon-do whose educational environment has been aggravated due to change in the industrial structure of our society, regional economy declined by the phenomenon of 'moving from village to city' and decreased population as well as the program to dispel the educational gap between city and farming town.
To check the educational gap between farming, mountain and fishing village in Gangwon-do and city, the 7 cities in Gangwon-do were classified as urban area and eup/myun in 11 counties, as farming, mountain and fishing village to collect the relevant materials and to compare and analyze the area in the division of educational resources, educational situation and educational result.
The schools in farming, mountain and fishing villages in Gangwon-do occupy 74.5% of total schools and 43.6% of schools in farming, mountain and fishing village are designated as schools in isles and isolated area by law of promoting education of isles and isolated area. Although the national population increased by 7.44% in 1995~2007, the population in the province reduced by 1.62%. While the population of urban area increased by 5.07%, that of farming, mountain and fishing village reduced by 15.4%, which shows that the population of farming, mountain and fishing village in Gangwon-do is decreasing rapidly. Checking the fluctuation ratio of number of students compared to population, the number of students in the province reduced by 12.1% in 1999~2007, which is far higher than ratio of population reduction by 3.42%. While the number of students in urban area reduced by 6.4%, that of farming, mountain and fishing village reduced by 26.4%. As the reduction ratio of the students in farming, mountain and fishing village is higher than that of urban area by 4 times, the reduction of schooling population in farming, mountain and fishing village in Gangwon-do is quite serious. Some 35% of schools in farming, mountain and fishing village are small schools with classes below 6 and 58% of them are schools with students below 100. As the size of schools in farming, mountain and fishing village is reduced, 14.4% of classes in the primary schools are double class. In the middle and high schools, the number of teachers who are in charge of non-major subjects is 248, which is 83.2% of 298, the total number of teachers who are in charge of non-major subjects. As it is expected that the number of pupils in primary schools is reducing constantly due to reduction of schooling population caused by tendency of low childbirth, it is anticipated that the size of schools in farming, mountain and fishing village continues to reduce. Since 53 out of 561 schools in farming, mountain and fishing villages were closed in 1999~2008, the schools in eup and myun are under the risk of emptiness. The ratio of students whose lunch are provided in the schools in farming, mountain and fishing village is 17.5% of total students. This is higher than the ratio of students of lunch support in urban area. Considering the high rate of basic life beneficiary and number of children in single-parent families, it is found that the number of students in needy family in farming, mountain and fishing village is higher than that of students in urban area. This is demonstrated by the situation of supporting school expense to students in middle and high schools. The ratio of entering kindergartens in farming, mountain and fishing village is slightly higher than that of urban area, which may be due to the fact that the farming, mountain and fishing village has relatively fewer public kindergartens and other infantile educational institutions in comparison with city. Although the private educational facilities in farming, mountain and fishing village is absolutely fewer than urban area due to reduced number of students, the ratio of participating in after-class school was higher than that of urban area. Checking the situation of dormitory in the schools in farming, mountain and fishing village, some farming, mountain and fishing village has 1∼2 dormitories. However, those in Chuncheon and Gangreung have 9∼10 dormitories, even showing the phenomenon of bi-polarity. The farming, mountain and fishing village has multipurpose rooms fewer than urban area by some 10%. Although the ratio of installing cooling and heating facilities is found to be generally higher than that of urban area, the gap between primary school and middle?high school is very large. The ratio of entering higher school of the middle school graduates in farming, mountain and fishing village is not so different from that of urban area. Although the ratio of entering university of the high school graduates in farming, mountain and fishing village is not so different from that of urban area, farming, mountain and fishing village shows higher ratio of entering junior college than urban area. The ratio of suspending schooling of high school students in urban area is slightly higher than that of farming, mountain and fishing village for 3 years from 2006 to 2008. Checking the general line and the specialized line entirely, there was no large difference between urban and rural area in 2006 and 2007. The ratio of suspending schooling in specialized line is much higher than liberal arts line both in urban and rural area.
The methods to improve the educational welfare of farming, mountain and fishing village in Gangwon-do are as follows.
First, it is required to consider expanding education expense support to students in farming, mountain and fishing village, operating village studying room, dormitory, installation of educational facilities like village education welfare center.
Second, it is necessary to dispel the double class in the schools in farming, mountain and fishing village and to introduce system of faculty substituting the military service so as to mitigate the lesson of subject by non-major teachers.
Third, it is essential to implement improvement of treatment such as more favorable personnel management than that of urban workers, establishment or increase of allowance and improvement of work environment such as preferential arrangement of office assistant, new construction or remodeling of house for teachers in farming, mountain and fishing village.
Fourth, it is necessary to introduce system by which teachers wishing to work in farming, mountain and fishing village or those from the region are given additional mark in the stage teacher employment test so that they compulsorily work for long time in designated term.
Fifth, the consolidation of small-scaled schools shall be carried on in rational procedure by fully reflecting the opinion of regional inhabitants and fully considering the regional situation.
Sixth, since schools in farming, mountain and fishing village absolutely lack private educational facilities, administration and finance should be actively supported so that the after-class school can be operated positively.
Seventh, it is necessary to check the supporting business for preferential investment area of educational welfare for farming, mountain and fishing village.
Eighth, dormitory should be installed in the high schools in farming, mountain and fishing village.
Ninth, it is required to expand the financial support for improvement of education circumstances for farming, mountain and fishing village and to enact ordinances of education expense of self-governing body in wide area.
Tenth, it is necessary to consider establishing education welfare support center in the regional unit so as to constantly and systematically cope with the educational issue of farming, mountain and fishing village.
Eleventh, it is necessary to expand the ratio of special screening of university entrance for students in farming, mountain and fishing village.
Twelfth, it is necessary to establish school affairs for university students in farming, mountain and fishing village.
The overall educational issues of farming, mountain and fishing village may be mostly caused by socio-structural part and schools play the central role of education, culture and welfare in farming, mountain and fishing village. Thus, the regional education welfare should be spread around local school and should be realized through developmental model of the region. The solution of educational problems in farming, mountain and fishing village must run parallel with effort to improve residents' life circumstances and to promote local economy. It may be important to prepare the base on which the residents of farming, mountain and fishing village may settle in the region by jointly and organically promote the regional development and improvement of educational circumstances so that education, culture, welfare and economy may get elevated comprehensively.