The music education is being changed into the direction that emphasizes diverse values and roles and that attaches importance to the practicing of music even in addition to the internal element and the aesthetic value in music. Accordingly, the school...
The music education is being changed into the direction that emphasizes diverse values and roles and that attaches importance to the practicing of music even in addition to the internal element and the aesthetic value in music. Accordingly, the school education needs to guide students to be possibly equipped with musical ability as an enjoyer of musical culture and to be able to foster ability of being capable of enjoying and utilizing music in real life. This ability approaches a learner as the significant activity only when being activity that self can explore and understand, not knowledge that will need to be acquired by which a teacher teaches. It is therefore necessary to apply learner-centered teaching-learning rather than teacher-centered one, the possibility of which can be found in Problem Based Learning (hereunder called PBL). as an alternative method.
PBL is a learning model by which one understands a problem to solve in a given problem, explores information and knowledge to solve the problem, and comes to play an active role in learning through a self-construction process.
This study aims at applying PBL based on 'Music and Living' at the high school level to design and present a teaching-learning curriculum plan. After characterizing PBL based on constructionism, suggestion was made about how educational objectives and contents of 'Music and Living' based on curricula can be linked with the teaching-learning approach of PBL. Then, a teaching-learning curriculum plan was presented in search of an instructional plan for practical application. I designed a teaching plan for learners as the core of learning to solve problems through practical problems and situations of Planning of a Concert with Comments. The aim was to provide subjective experiences of musical activities through the process of use of knowledge of pieces accumulated via learning, practice, and presentation as well as goals and effectiveness of concerts by constructing a concert personally rather than passively appreciating it from the audience's viewpoint. The curriculum aimed to give a better understanding of music through the process of selecting, analyzing, and discussing pieces and to provide aesthetic experiences of music through the process of practicing and presenting the selected pieces. The following teaching-learning implications were drawn from the development of PBL classes through Planning of a Concert with Comments.
First, a teacher needs to suggest to a learner by developing a problem before progressing PBL teaching and by selecting the learning materials, and to offer by systematically planning in advance aiming at efficient activity and evaluation available for being applied to teaching such as developing and selecting the evaluation tool.
Second, the learning of PBL is not what requires simply musical knowledge and activity, but what needs to design in order to have connection with society through contents and activity that are learnt at school. This leads to being capable of being expected the promotion in ability that applies and utilizes knowledge in real life. In particular, as what emphasizes 'the living of music' in music education is an actual problem itself, it can be applied effectively. If a learner comes to have high concern and interest in music through significant musical activity and if this interest leads to the outside of school, the living of music will be attained by coming to be close to music.
Third, even if stressing the activity of centering on a learner, an attention needs to be paid to what integrates the learning activity unreasonably. This is apt to being able to give unreasonableness to progression in instruction, thus teaching needs to be developed with the focus on the succinct and core activity in order to be the integrative activity.
Fourth, as the evaluation in PBL needs to be made as the process about what came to be known after passing through which process, as well as the result on what came to be known. Along with a teacher's evaluation, the evaluation is made by which a learner joins, thus there is necessity of being developed a method of evaluation in diverse aspects by considering this.
Fifth, the application of PBL allows the new sight on a teacher's role to be possessed. A teacher needs to play a role of a guide & advisor who helps the learning, in order to be the learner-oriented instruction, not the instruction in explanation and lecture centering on a teacher. This is not what a teacher's role is curtailed, but what helps instruction more positively as a helper's role.
Sixthly, what applies PBL to music instruction is not what criticizes the traditional teaching-learning method, but what aims to look for its potentiality by seeking for a new teaching-learning method for the more effective music education.