스킨스쿠버 지도자의 감정노동이 소진 및 이직의도에 미치는 영향 = (An) effect of skin scuba leader's emotion labor on burnout and turnover intention

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Abstract)

A quick industrialization of modern society by development of scientific technique brings about economical plenty, shortening of labor time, elevation in standard of living, enlargement of free time, health including qualitative improvement of life. Now, for the people, to satisfy food, clothing and shelter is no more the condition of life. They are in need of various activities with value to satisfy appetite of high dimensional life.

For modern people, 'Improvement of life satisfaction' is utmost target. By the link, using leisure time, they try constant efforts to develop the self with preservation and promotion of health. In addition, these efforts are came to the force as a important practical target day by day. Active leisure type, that is to say, participation of leisure activity is increasing actually as a practical behavior followed,

Specially, Korea is bounded on three sides by the sea and has no boundaries of resources of the sea, for example, such as about 3,300 large and small islands including Cheju-do, Ulreung-do, and Geojae-do, warm climate, various sea mode of life, and graceful natural landscape. In terms of topography environment in Korea, we can say that various ocean leisure sports activities which sea is material are most suitable among many leisure sports activities.

Remarkable special quality in scuba diving is that it is carried out in the ocean and
this sea is generally the place that require challenge and adventurous spirit for danger to human. Therefore, sports participants such as scuba diving have physical and psychological process that they must overcome to absorb and intoxicate in the action itself. After taking this series of process only then they can find joy of scuba diving.
But, scuba diving can not exclude hazardous factor and needs in need of systematic education. If not, it is said that skin scuba is sport of item that disposition that can lose the interest as a leisure sports is high.

Also, scuba diving has a thorough qualification system. For doing scuba diving activities all over the world, certification that is quoted as diver must be acquired.
The activities as a diver are qualified with certificate that is given from scuba diving leader justly. Scuba diving leader has a grave duty that is responsible for education of scuba diving and general thing of participation system. For executing this grave duty, scuba diving leader should be recognized various kinds of professionalism such as theory of scuba diving, technique of scuba diving, teaching method of scuba diving and certificated experiences of scuba diving.

But, in spite of these leisure sports industrial development, Korea's skin scuba leaders are trained according to the request by the times and people's interest about sports but show high rate for change of occupation due to stark working condition such as low pay, social position, unstable life guarantee and excess consumption for physical strength. These phenomenon exerts very great negative impact on leisure sports industrial activation because business stress by complaint increase to work of skin scuba leaders makes systematic and efficient education check and participants uncover in danger. The professionalism of scuba diving leader has surely effect on the safety and the survival of scuba diving participants.

These grave duty, during a guidance of scuba diving, is going to act as a spiritual and physical stressor of scuba leaders, and after all these factors may bring stress and emotional labor of skin scuba leaders and get to burn-out phenomenon.

The while, most of previous researches on scuba diving were performed on actual conditions of participation, equipment satisfaction, marketing and physiological access. For scuba diving leaders, the research to improve recognized professionalism of scuba diving is very poor in Korea.

The meaning of this research is as follows. First, to consider various aspects to elevate scuba diving participants's expectation and feeling of satisfaction, then to supply basic materials that can be guided effectively and specially, and also, to help
to be established as a specialist for scuba diving leaders. Also, the research model and informations that is acquired from the result of this research may be referred for establishing management strategy to employee including resort manager hereafter. In particular, as we cleared the factor of change of occupation, it is a meaning to be index for job satisfaction of skin scuba leaders.

Based on problem awareness that is proposed before, the main purpose of this research is as follows. First, it is to examine the relation on the basis of relative conception on emotional labor, burn-out and intention of change of occupation that skin scuba leaders perceive. Then, for job satisfaction of skin scuba leaders, it is to investigate burn-out phenomenon and intention of change of occupation. Finally, the main purpose is to suggest factors of change of occupation of skin scuba leaders as well as satisfaction of scuba diving participants

To examine the factors of emotional labour of skin scuba's leader and investigate the effect of these factors on burn-out and intention of change of occupation, this study was paralleled previous literature and empirical study.

The specific contents to achieve purpose of this research are as followed.

First, the effect of emotional labor on burn-out is examined.
Burn-out is divided by emotional exhaustion, cynicism and a sense of accomplishment decline. Here we wish to inspect the effect of emotional labor on each factors.

Second, the effect of burn-out on intention of change of occupation is examined.
That is, we intend to examine the effects of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and a sense of accomplishment decline that are the factors of burn-out on intention of change of occupation.

Third, the effect of emotional labor on intention of change of occupation is examined.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 4
• 3. 연구모형 및 가설 5
• 4. 용어정리 7
• 5. 연구의 제한점 8
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 10
• 1. 스킨스쿠버 10
• 2. 스킨스쿠버 지도자 16
• 3. 스킨스쿠버 특성 21
• 4. 감정노동 25
• 5. 소진 31
• 6. 이직의도 35
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 41
• 1. 연구대상 41
• 1) 자료수집 41
• 2) 표본의 특성 42
• 2. 조사도구 44
• 1) 감정노동 요인 검사지의 구성 44
• 2) 소진 요인 검사지의 구성 45
• 3) 이직의도 요인 검사지의 구성 46
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 49
• 1. 조사도구의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증 49
• 1) 탐색적 요인분석 49
• 2) 확인적 요인분석 53
• 2. 가설검증 55
• 1) 연구모델평가 55
• 2) 가설검증 57
• (1) 감정노동과 감정고갈 57
• (2) 감정노동과 냉소주의 57
• (3) 감정노동과 성취감저하 57
• (4) 감정고갈과 이직의도 57
• (5) 냉소주의와 이직의도 57
• (6) 성취감저하와 이직의도 57
• (7) 감정노동과 이직의도 58
• 3) 간접효과 58
• Ⅴ. 논의 59
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 64
• 1. 결론 64
• 2. 제언 65
• 참고문헌 67
• 부록 : 검사지 79