가임 연령 미혼남녀의 출산장려 정책에 관한 연구 = A Study of the Birth Encouragement Policy of Unmarried Adults

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 현재 우리 사회의 출산율 저하위기를 극복하고 바람직한 보육정책 대안을 모색하기위하여 가임연령 25~40세 이한 미혼남녀를 대상으로 출산에 대한 의식 및 태도, 보육정책 등에 대해서 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 토대로 향후 국가 및 지방자치단체의 출산안정을 위한 정책 수립과 사회가 인식해야 할 저출산 문제를 해결하기 위하여 발전방안을 설정하는데 도움을 주고자 한다.
본 연구의 분석결과를 토대로 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다.
첫째, 사회인구학적 변인에 따라 출산에 대한 의식 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 남성이 여성보다 결혼관과 자녀 계획에 있어 보다 긍정적이었다. 또한 연령이 높을수록, 전문직일수록 결혼관과 자녀 계획에 있어서 보다 긍정적이었다.
둘째, 현행 출산 정책의 필요성과 향후 출산 장려 정책의 필요성 차이를 분석한 결과 모든 하위 요인에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 보육제도가 가장 우선순위가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 직장 보육시설, 육아수당제도, 산·전후 출산휴가제도에 대한 우선순위가 높은 것으로 나타났다.
셋째, 남녀별 현행 출산장려정책에 대한 요구도는 여성이 남성보다 높게 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to analyze awareness and attitudes of unmarried men and women at childbearing ages from 25 to 40 and childbearing promotion policy in an effort of overcoming the falling childbearing rate in Korea and explore a desirable alternative of childcare policy. The study also seeks to help develop strategies to make a policy for stable childbearing of the central and local governments and solve the decreasing childbearing problem, which requires social awareness.
To this end, research questions of this study are as follows:
1. Is there any difference in awareness about childbearing depending on socio-demographic variables?
2. How are demands for childbearing promotion policy today?
3. How different are demands for childbearing promotion policy depending on gender?
Participants in this study were 235 unmarried men and women at childbearing ages from 25 to 40 living in Daejun, in order to analyze causes of lower childbearing problem depending on personal, household, socio-cultural, and regional characteristics of childbearing by gender and suggest ways to improve existing childbearing promotion policy.
As a research tool, the study used previous research by Won Jeong Won (2004), Song Jeong Hee (2007), and Lee Jeong Mi(2005) and selected items relative to lower childbearing from a research report of the Korean Women Development Institute as part of the 2004 Women in the Low Childbearing Age and National Strategies to Meet the Problem.
The collected data was statistically processed with the Window SPSS 12.0 program. To test Research Question 1, frequency and percentage rate for each item were generated by item, and the x2 test was conducted to identify group-specific difference by socio-demographic variables. To test Research Question 2 and 3, mean and standard deviation for each item were calculated to identify group-specific difference depending on variables.
The findings from this study are as below:
First, it was found that there was a difference in the awareness toward childbearing by socio-demographic variables. Men were found to be more positive to the view of marriage and childbearing plan than women. In addition, older participants and those who worked at a professional field, their marriage view and childbearing plan were more positive.
Second, the analysis of difference of needs for current and future childbearing promotion policy showed that there was a significant difference in all sub-variables; Childcare system was found to be placed in the first place in terms of priority, followed by workplace childcare facilities, childcare bonus scheme, and maternity leave before and after childbearing.
Third, demands for current childbearing promotion policy by gender were found to be higher among women than their counterparts.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구 문제 = 4
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 5
• 1. 저출산 = 5
• 2. 우리나라 출산 장려 정책 = 11
• 3. 주요국의 출산 장려 정책 = 18
• 4. 선행 연구 = 24
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 = 27
• 1. 연구 대상 = 27
• 2. 연구 도구 = 29
• 3. 연구 절차 = 29
• 4. 자료 처리 및 분석 = 30
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 및 해석 = 31
• 1. 출산에 대한 인식 = 31
• 2. 출산장려정책에 대한 요구도 = 42
• 3. 남녀별 출산정려정책에 대한 요구도 = 44
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 = 47
• 1. 논의 = 47
• 2. 결론 및 제언 = 51
• 참고문헌 = 53
• ABSTRACT = 57
• 부록 = 60