The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching-learning program for the unit 'youth sex and peer relationship' of middle school seventh- grade technology & home economics by applying Keller's ARCS model in five stages: analysis, design, developme...
The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching-learning program for the unit 'youth sex and peer relationship' of middle school seventh- grade technology & home economics by applying Keller's ARCS model in five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation.
In the analysis stage, earlier studies of motivation were analyzed, and a survey was conducted on home economics teachers to find out their use of motivation strategies in class to select ARCS strategies applicable to that subject. A manual of the revised 7th national curriculum was invesetigated to determine what to teach in the middle school seventh- grade unit 'youth sex and peer relationship,' and literature review was implemented to figure out the characteristics of youth learners. In the design stage, in which way motivation strategies should be designed was determined on the basis of the previous stage. The first was the even application of the four strategies(attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction). The second was the application of the four motivation strategies to all the introductory, development and wrapping-up stages to ensure successful and sustained motivation in every part of instruction. The third was the application of the motivation strategies in view of the economicality of time and cost. The fourth was that the strategies should be applied in an easy way so that even beginning teachers could take advantage of the strategies. And then two questions were selected. One was what I should do to be responsible for sex, and the other was what efforts we should make to build and maintain a sound peer relationship. The instructional objectives for each session were set up in accordance with the two questions.
In the development stage, a teaching-learning program for nine sessions was developed on the basis of the motivation strategies and what to teach in the previous stage. In the implementation stage, middle school seventh graders took eight lessons according to the program to evaluate the program, and a survey was conducted to gather their opinions. In the evaluation stage, the highly applicable teaching-learning program was finalized in response to the needs of the students.
The teaching-learning program was prepared by applying four motivation strategies that respectively aimed at enhancing attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction. In the event of the attention(A) strategy, an appropriate amount of visual materials involving animation, live image and powerpoint materials was utilized to pique the curiosity of the learners and make the instruction more interesting and fun. As for the relevance(R) strategy, the usefulness of the teaching contents for the leaners' present and future life was emphasized, and examples that were closely tied into their real life were provided to boost their familiarity with the instruction. In regard to the confidence(C) strategy, instructional objectives and how to attain the objectives were explained in detail in order for them to be more confident. A variety of voluntary activities were provided for them to gain successful experiences without being led by their teacher as much as possible. Finally, they wee encouraged to give their utmost, and praise and reinforcers were utilized to give more satisfaction(S) to the students.
The teaching-learning program for home economics unit 'youth sex and peer relationship' to which ARCS strategies were applied served to bolster the motivation and interest of the students. As it's found that they specifically called for 'interesting' instruction, not only efficiency and effectiveness but interest should be taken into account when teaching-learning programs are prepared for every segment of home economics in the future.