한국 생태주의 문학 담론 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes and meanings of the discourse of ecologism literature in Korea from 1990 to 2008. A focus was particularly placed on the discourse of ecologism poetry as the investigator reviewed the realism characteristics, postmodern characteristics, and Oriental ideology characteristics related to the birth, segmentation, and deepening of the discourse of ecologism literature, respectively.
Going downhill after the implementation of democracy in the late 1980s, realism literature presented ecologism literature as an alternative and required it of solutions and practices for the actual contradictions of realism. The discourse of ecologism literature demanded that the goals of social reform and nationalistic and democratic movements should be met being affected by realism and brought out the nature of participating in reality in literature. But the consciousness too much inclined towards popularity caused the poetry writing-driven discourse of ecologism literature to create literature based on historic nature rather than artistic sensitivity or aesthetics. That also gave a double task of raising popularity towards the level of lyric poetry to ecologism literature. The incorporation into realism led to the discourse that demanded for strong alternatives to solve the contradictions in reality and to the intention for the pursuit of ecological aesthetics.
The working class suggested as the alternative class in the ecologism discourse gained persuasive power on the ground that the class movement could be effective when combined with ecologism movement. The reality, however, told a different story; the working class showed not much interest in environmental destruction or ecological crisis. As pointed out by social ecologism, that was a movement for "a new lifestyle" and thus could not be integrated with the old power. Instead, the working class became subject to the capital owned by the bourgeois class. In order to supplement those problems, they should discuss the issue of economic systems in full-scale and overcome the limitations of the current civil movements.
Postmodernism shared a couple of common qualities with ecologism including the time period of acceptance and the pursuit of postmodern contents. It especially treated the desire of marginal humans with importance. Ecologism literature also dealt with the ways to control or divert desire in many different dimensions. The result was ecological feminism that identified nature suppressed by the modern materialistic civilization with women suppressed by men. It paved the way in which the discourse of ecologism literature, which discussed the independence and autonomy of literature, could proceed towards the dimension of aesthetics.
Although it's true that postmodernism offered deep alternatives to the major questions of ecologism, it's still expanding towards literary discourse. The postmodern issues raised by postmodernism overlap with the basic perceptions of ecologism in many parts and have simultaneity in terms of literary acceptance. It's very similar to ecologism in that it argues that the place of the readers should be highlighted since ecologism believes that it must take an aesthetic approach as a resistant discourse. Those similarities made the important tasks of ecologism more in-depth and provide valid criteria to explain about the literary phenomena in the 1990s. It particularly claims huge significance in that there are only a few examples of a discourse demonstrating its determination to resolve social contradictions across all the areas including psychology, philosophy, and religion in the history of Korean literature.
And the Oriental ideology offers major alternatives of ecologism such as the monistic thinking and equality of life in opposition to the reason-based Western ideology. It enriches literature further by searching for the ecological thinking inherent in Korea's traditional culture and ideology and suggests the ecological thinking system manifested in Buddhism and Taoism as an alternative. Kim Ji-ha's life ideology also tried to solve the problems in reality through the thinking system deriving from inside, emphasizing the empty space like a 'gap.' The interest in and discussions about the traditional culture and thinking in the discourse of ecologism deliver the pride that the tradition of Korea or the Orient can help solve the problems brought by the West. They also imbue the contents of ecologism with great philosophical depth of the Oriental ideology.
Korea's folk religions or attitudes towards nature can provide important ideological grounds to resist the human-oriented thinking that's the core of the Western view of the world. Since they're embedded in the blood of Koreans with no special consciousness, they can manifest themselves in reality easily, which makes them so valid. Kim Ji-ha's 'life ideology' deserves attention in that it searches for the basic mindset towards an ecological society through Korea's traditional thinking system. Meaningful discussions will be made as the independent thinking system can be suggested as an alternative to the worldwide crisis.
As the discourse of ecologism shifted the focus from social ecologism to ecological ethics, it failed to general some visible results in the field of literature. Ecological ethics has some important logic in that it tries to establish moral values regarding individual issues and promote human changes. Social ecologism restored the human issues neglected by deep ecologism. Based on that fundamental perception, ecological ethics simultaneously pursues the inner side of humans and the issue of practice. But it's doubtful if the discourse of ecologism can be actively accepted by the field of literature and created when it continues the progress since it's very likely that the emphasis of ecological ethics on the surface will end up as a propaganda or slogan like the creations combined with the early realism movement.
In short, Korea's discourse of ecologism literature was initiated with the integration with early realism, segmented by combining with postmodernism, and deepened after meeting with Oriental ideology. Realism is very significant in that it shares the old thinking system of emphasizing specific practices and yet needs to ask the field of literature of more aggressive interest in artistry. Providing the point with which to criticize the issue of subject raised by modern times more in-depth, postmodernism needs to make alternatives applicable to the reality of Korea more concrete. And Oriental ideology has many strengths including deepening the contents of ecologism, making the people involved proud of solutions through the Korean thinking system, and manifesting itself in practices. The discourse of ecologism literature that can make active responses to the changes of reality and cause fundamental changes of humans is possible only when those ideologies are combined together.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 …………1
• 1. 문제제기 및 연구목적 ……… 1
• 2. 기존 연구 검토 ……… 7
• 3. 연구방법 및 방향 …… 31
• 제2장 한국 생태주의 문학 담론의 형성과 리얼리즘적 특성… 45
• 1. 생태주의 문학 담론의 발생과 리얼리즘 ……… 45
• 2. 사회체제의 비판과 생태주의 문학 담론 ……… 62
• 3. 민족 민주 운동과 연계된 생태주의 문학 담론 ……… 71
• 4. 생태주의 문학 담론의 리얼리즘적 특성과 의미 ……… 83
• 제3장 한국 생태주의 문학 담론의 분화와 포스트모더니즘적 특성 … … 92
• 1. ‘욕망’의 문제와 생태주의 문학 담론 ………… 92
• 2. ‘여성’과 생태주의 문학 담론 ………… 107
• 3. ‘문학의 독자성’과 생태주의 문학 담론 ………… 117
• 4. 생태주의 문학 담론의 포스트모더니즘적 특성과 의미…127
• 제4장 한국 생태주의 문학 담론의 심화와 동양사상적 특성 …136
• 1. 한국의 전통문화와 생태주의 문학 담론 …… 136
• 2. 동양사상과 생태주의 문학 담론 ………… 147
• 3. 김지하의 생태주의 문학 담론 ……… 155
• 4. 생태주의 문학 담론의 동양사상적 특성과 의미 ……167
• 제5장 결 론 … 176
• 참고문헌 ……… 188
• Abstract ……… 205