The Researches of organizational behavior focus on the study of motivation of the workforce because the outcome and productivity of the organization can vastly be improved by the workforce. This study examines the Organization citizen behavior. In ord...
The Researches of organizational behavior focus on the study of motivation of the workforce because the outcome and productivity of the organization can vastly be improved by the workforce. This study examines the Organization citizen behavior. In order to achieve the organization common goals, personal sacrifice such as extra work hours and assisting others without consideration of reward or compensation is often used.
According to literature review, the research model in this study is designed in three parts: exogenous constructs (job characteristics(JC), organizational justice (OJ) and demographic characteristics; mediating constructs (job satisfaction (JS) and organizational commitment(OC); endogenous construct (organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)). In the process of exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) using structural equation model(SEM), the results of this paper are as follows:
First, in general model 7 of 18 hypotheses were supported by the results of analysis as "Organizational justice will affect the organizational commitment", "Job Tenure length will affect the organizational commitment", "Job characteristics will affect the job satisfaction", "Organizational justice will affect the organizational satisfaction", "Job satisfaction will affect organizational commitment", "Organizational commitment will affect the organizational citizenship behavior" and "Job characteristics will affect the organizational citizenship behavior".
Second, in the conglomerate model of JC, all hypotheses of the causal relationship between JC and OCB were supported by the results of analysis. In the sub-constructs model of JC the hypothesis was supported in part by the results of analysis. The hypothesis of causal relationship was supported as skill variety→OC; task identity and feedback→JS; JS→OC; OC→OCB; skill variety, task identity, autonomy and feedback→OCB.
Third, in conglomerate model of OJ all hypotheses of the causal relationship excluding JS→OCB were supported. In the sub-constructs model of OJ the hypothesis of causal relationship was supported as procedural justice→OC, distributive justice→JS, procedural justice→JS, JS→OC, OC→OCB and procedural justice→ OCB.
Fourth, all hypotheses of research model between Job Tenure length and OCB were supported valid. However, Job Tenure length construct of demographical characteristics constructs was less effective when JC, OJ and Job Tenure length constructs were simultaneously entered by maximum likelihood estimation using SEM. It seems job tenure length's effectiveness is somewhat influenced by others elements.
As a result, it is possible to draw the significant implications as follows:
First, in order to promote OC which affects OCB, a management has to design the optimal levels of key job dimensions such as task identity, task significance and feedback. In addition, management has to design so as to adhere the level of the skill variety and autonomy so that these JC sub-constructs will affect JS. On the basis of the above implication, organizational structure is necessary to adopt the organic model rather than the mechanistic model.
Second, fair procedure and distribution affect OC in public officials. Therefore, management has to manage the procedure centric with the optimal level of welfare for workforce in order to improve the OJ. That is, management has to make the organizational culture with justice and ethics in order to induce the behavior of voluntary OCB.
Third, the influence of demographic characteristics constructs is relatively weak in influencing over the OCB. When demographic characteristics such as age, educational level and job tenure length were simultaneously used, the study showed minimal influence.
Fourth, data is based on workforce in customer service department. Their demographics are 75 % female, 75% married, and 85% age of 30 and higher. Due to the data’s personal needs outside of their jobs such as child care, and house duties, this will alter the result of this study somewhat. In the basis of these data it is possible to get the constraint effects that the female officials' lifestyle may affect the limitation of OCB.
To conclude, the superior leadership makes the optimal organizational environment with relative competitiveness. As well, it gives the deep emotion due to be key factor of job outcomes. The job outcomes may vary as much 30% in accordance with the type of leadership. The decision maker actually decides the fate of a certain organization because all organizations share the communication, trust, innovation and risk taking for goal orientation as the organizational culture fostered by leadership. A leader uses one’s own subjective values and set organization culture. And therefore to bring out the efficiency from employees and for a success of an organization, superior leadership is an absolute necessity.