With a view to examining Seokyoung Hwang's war novels in terms of the aspects of memory, this thesis confirms the process of changes in Hwang's novels and seeks its meanings, via the overcoming process of the war memories which are historical scars. D...
With a view to examining Seokyoung Hwang's war novels in terms of the aspects of memory, this thesis confirms the process of changes in Hwang's novels and seeks its meanings, via the overcoming process of the war memories which are historical scars. Despite the finding that Hwang's war novels reveal the true state of our crippled modernity, little attention has been paid to them. It will mark an epoch to establish a new category beside the realism issue about Hwang, and to present a category of war novels in a different context from divided-nation novels in filling the gap between the novels in the 2000s and those in the pre-2000s.
In dealing with war novels, the memory theory can be a useful technique. War novels can be seen as an outcome of perceiving a war as a fresh present incident in the process of mutual permeation between the past and the present at which the war is remembered. They are not interested in a war as the past which is gone already.
For the analysis of Hwang's war novels, this thesis employs the concepts of ‘collective memory’ which understands memory from a social point of view, ‘Erninnerungspolitik’ (politics of memory) which is derived from collective memory, and ‘traumatic memory’ concerning participation experience in a war. Hwang's war novels are divided into three phases, for each of which the following aspects are investigated, i.e. ‘reconstruction of collective memory,’ ‘appearance of traumatic memory,’ and ‘formation of counter memory,’ which resists Erninnerungspolitik. Section A looks into the way of coping with war memories and its meaning in the protagonists’ aspects. Section B examines the way of overcoming war memories and the expanding process of perceiving reality through success in overcoming the memories, on the basis of narration technique.
Chapter Ⅱ deals with medium-length and short stories of the 1970s in which secondhand war experience via heros’ childhood or post-war generations becomes ‘reconstructed into collective memory.’ A more specified collective memory, as opposed to that about general history, is formed through the experience from the Korean War. Section A considers enlightened subjects and idealized growth, focusing on the adult speakers and narrators who retrospect and narrate, unlike other studies in the literature regarding novels of growth through war which center around the children who experienced the war. Section B looks into the process of recollecting repressed memories about a father by dint of articulated narration, and mourning over this death. The post-war generation whose fathers experience the war try to subdue the recollection about a father who were persecuted for ideology or others. This desire is revealed in the articulated narration through which memories about a father are shut off or understanding of a father is hindered by a change in a point of view.
Chapter Ⅲ investigates the contradictory system regarding wars, as the memory of war appears as trauma in the novelettes and short stories dealing with the experience in the Vietnam War. Section A discusses the schizophrenic self and skepticism about identity in which the characters, also from a third-world country, attack another third-world country as mercenary soldiers in behalf of imperialism, and agonize over their own identities. Section B examines the juxtaposed narration and the configuration of double colonization along with it, which is presented by metonomizing the urban scenary of one's native country, before or after the war, as a theater of war. This trauma can serve to widen a world view in the sense that it provides a clue to realizing and withstanding the contradictory reality.
Based on more deepened understanding about the Korean War and the Vietnam War in the full-length novels after 1970s, the discussion in chapter Ⅳ consists of two elements, ‘Erninnerungspolitik’ and ‘counter memory.’ The former emphasizes political influence of memory, and the latter suggests a possibility to resist the system by reviving the lost memory which was buried in oblivion by the dominant memory. Section A shows that a protagonist, who steps back from the direct experience of war and takes a neutral attitude, recognizes the violence of imperialism and divulges the contradiction of the system which is practiced by the politics of memory. Section B confirms the formation of counter memory, which fights against the politics of memory, by means of restoring narration. The so-called restoring narration does not show complete openness. It rather excludes the voices from the governing system and imperialism, and brings to light the alienated minority. This is a strategic control through which it tries to produce third-world subjects.
To sum up, this thesis tries to verify the phases of recognizing the reality, groping for resistance, and finally acquiring introspection on a third-world modernity, in the formation process of memories from the two wars. The analysis of the thesis examines Seokyoung Hwang’s war novels in the framework of memory theory, which provides an opportunity to consider how the two wars, during the modernization of Korea, influence the establishment of identity and how people could have overcome the negativity from the aftermath.