The purpose of this study is to find how one's construal level and the need for cognition influence consumers' information processing by different temporal distances.
Construal Level Theory, a recent social psychological theory, is being defined as p...
The purpose of this study is to find how one's construal level and the need for cognition influence consumers' information processing by different temporal distances.
Construal Level Theory, a recent social psychological theory, is being defined as psychological distance that each consumer can experience at any consuming circumstances. For example, imagine there were two undergraduate students who received different assignments. One was told to submit it after a month, while the other to submit it after a week. The one who had enough time compared to the other who had to submit it after a week would generally think she would put all her efforts to get a good grade. However, the one who did not have enough time, on the other hand, would think the details first she had to do right at the moment to complete the assignment. Thus construal level suggests that the longer the temporal distance increases, the more abstractly consumers view their issues.
The construal level of the individual can be measured by Behavior Identification Form(BIF), a tool to help measure people's action. BIF designed by Vallacher and Wegner(1989) support the construal level theory in the context that people construe an event or an issue in abstract or detailed ways. Instead, it enforce more on individual behavioral tendency. Thus, in this study we would observe consumers' construal level depending on their individual tendency.
However, it is very difficult to explain people's consumption only with construal level. Though the person who tend to think in abstract way according to construal level theory can behave differently by her need for cognition. The need for cognition support the similar idea of construal level theory, focusing on one's cognition. For it means a cognitive tendency of people whether they enjoy thinking or not, it distinguishes people into two who have high level of need for cognition and who have low level of need for cognition.
Then how the person of abstract construal level and low need for cognition would consume in a real purchasing event? It would be also different by temporal distance. She would have enough time or lack of time. Therefore this study does not limit people's consumption at the construal level, but together with the level of need for cognition and temporal distances. After surveying participants were divided into four groups; 1)high construal level and high level of need for cognition, 2)high construal level and low level of need for cognition, 3)low construal level and high level of need for cognition, and 4)low construal level and low level of need for cognition. Among them, this study concentrates on people of the second and third condition because they are the most frequent consumers marketers can meet at the actual circumstances.
Total 192 students taking psychology class at Ewha Womens University were participated and basic skin care cosmetics were chosen for the experiment. As a result of the experiment, hypothesis, especially hypothesis 2 was supported statistically significant at construal level, the need for cognition and temporal distance. That is, it was predicted people with low construal level and high cognitive level in the near future search more central attributes than peripheral attribute of the product. And this will give influential implication to many marketers. Therefore marketers would need to be sensitive to consumers' internal and external state so that they would always give them the experience of satisfactory purchase.