Roof-tile kilns that this study attempted to deal with were produced during the Sabi Period, Baekje and in 7 remains and 31 roof-tile kilns whose structures could be analyzed after excavation researches were conducted. Based on the structural analysis...
Roof-tile kilns that this study attempted to deal with were produced during the Sabi Period, Baekje and in 7 remains and 31 roof-tile kilns whose structures could be analyzed after excavation researches were conducted. Based on the structural analysis, this study established chronology by dividing Pyeung kilns(平窯) and Deung kilns(登窯) into four stages after examining the aspects of the structural changes of roof-tile kilns.
Examining the aspects of the structural changes of roof-tile kilns during the Sabi Period, Baekje, the shape of an elongated kiln changed from a long shape that the length of a kiln was longer than the total width to a Pyeung kiln that the gap between the total length and width decreased, and the height of the setback became low. In addition, the chamber where bakes roof-tile was a non-facility with a flat type of rectangle and echelon or a facility with tile heat and changed to a hypocaust kiln that had an inverse rectangle or a square. It was observed that he size of the chamber where bakes roof-tile decreased gradually. While the part where smoke goes changed from two vents to three vents, the number of chimneys changed from two-three to two or one. Such changes in the number of chimneys were considered for the effectiveness in the construction of a kiln and the size of a chimney increased in order to compliment the functions of the chimneys as the number of chimneys decreased.
With regard to the aspects of the structural changes in Deung kilns, kiln sites were built around the Sabi in the early period of Sabi castle towns and in the latter period of Sabi, the kiln sites were observed to be expanded outside Sabi castle towns. In the shape of the place where roof-tile was burnt, echelon shapes appeared in the earlier stage in flat shapes and then, a trapezoid and the shape of snake's head coexisted, and finally, it was understood that the shapes mainly changed to echelon and trapezoid. Kiln facilities changed from non-facility to facilities with tile heat, the size of the place where roof-tile was burnt increased as time went by, and stairs appeared in the place where roof-tile was burnt latter. In the cross section of a part where smoke went, the shapes of perpendicularity and 'L' appeared in the early period and mainly changed to 'L' type although angular shape appeared. In addition, the cross sections of a chimney were circle and square and the size of a chimney was estimated to have a close relationship with the angles of the place where earthware was burnt. The plane figures of a chimney were also divided into circle and square types and the two types of chimneys consistently coexisted, however, it was observed that most chimneys were circle shaped with regard to the ratio.
In addition, considering the chronology of plane kilns during the Sabi Period, Paekje, while Jeongam-ri A-1 is considered as the earliest stage I, the kiln is estimated to be built in the middle of the 6th century. The kilns at Jeongam-ri B-2,3 and B-5,6 are the stage II and those kilns are estimated to be built in the middle or latter of the 6th century. In addition, Wangheungsagi 3rd kiln is considered as the stage III and the kiln was estimated to be built in the latter of the 6th century, 577 in an excellent composition of Sarigi, Moktapji. Wangjin-ri 4 ho is the stage IV, the kiln is estimated in the latter of the 6th century and the early of the 7th century.
Based on the results of examining the chronology of plane kilns during the Sabi Period, the kiln sites at Wangheungsaji 6, 9, and 10 ho are considered as the stage I, the earliest stage and they were built in the latter of the 6 century. And then, in the stage II, the kiln of Wangheungsagi 2 ho, the kiln of Jeongam-ri B-9 ho, and the kilns of Jeongam-ri 5, 8ho are estimated to be built in the latter of the 6th century. Wangheungsagi 5 ho kiln, 8 ho kiln, Gwanhyen-ri kiln, and Wangjin-ri 3 ho kiln are the stage III and are estimated to be built in the latter of the 6th century and the early of the 7th century. On the other hand, in the early or middle of the 7th century, considered as the stage IV, while roof-tile kilns began to be built far from Sabi castle towns and Baekma-River, Walpyeong-dong kiln site, Punggi-dong kiln site and Wolgye-ri kiln site are considered to belong to this period.