In general, ‘history’ tends to be acknowledged as being official only when it is recorded in a written form. The visual form of representation in general however, including the medium of film can be regarded as a significant vehicle of history rec...
In general, ‘history’ tends to be acknowledged as being official only when it is recorded in a written form. The visual form of representation in general however, including the medium of film can be regarded as a significant vehicle of history recording particularly when it reads and reconstructs the given official history in its own way. In this respect, this study has attempted to explore how film constructs history through its various forms of visual representation. In order to do this, this study has conducted a close investigation of particular ways of visual representation in three film texts including <A Petal>(1996), <Peppermint Candy>(2000), and <Remember U 518>(2007), all of which deal with the historical issue of ‘May 18 Gwangju Democratization Movement’(‘Gwangju Movement’ from now on) that is considered as having marked one of the most critical turning points in the contemporary history of Korea society.
Two main research questions have been set up for the project as the following. The first one concerns the way how visual representation devices of film such as arranging and framing of visual images contribute to the construction of the history of Gwangju Movement. The second one deals with the socio-cultural implications that the result of such construction of history might have with regard to the meaning of Gwangju Movement. The discussion here has been done particularly in respect to the issue of realistic convention and its meaning as a significant cultural practice. In order to solve these two research questions, this study first examines some of main concepts and theories that are related to the issues of history and film, visual representation of film, and history construction. And, the study also comes up with the methodological basis after all, focusing on the arrangement of related concepts such as visual images, frame, realism, discourse, power and ideology.
The following is the research findings. First of all, I have suggested that films in the present case study tend to construct the ‘ahistorical’ and ‘acontextul’ reality of Gwangju Movement through the use of partially selected visual images. That is, it can be argued that the historical meaning of Gwangju Movement had been reduced arbitrarily in all these three film texts as it was represented through the particular arrangement of visual images and the selective and exclusive use of limited camera frames. Secondly, all three films tend to represent Gwangju Movement by making dramatic uses of fictive events in order to increase the effect of verisimilitude in the film texts. This kind of history construction turns away from the critical understanding of Gwangju Movement and fossilize history after all. This study concludes that the fossilization of history here is the result of the cultural appropriation of particular historical event, Gwangju Movement.
The limitations of this research project may be summarized as the following. The frist one is that the present project has not included the study of how the audience members actually understand the film texts. The second limitation is that this dissertation has not dealt with some other factors that could be influential in the course history construction, such as the issues of technological, institutional, and industrial conditions in the production and consumption of film texts. Finally, it can be argued that this project has only focused on the issue of visual representation of film, not including the discussion of the issue of history and memory, and thus remains to be completed later on with future follow-up researches.