Of many aims in school physical education, the idealistic one was the Whole Person Education, which was introduced by the Ministry of Education for Human Resources in 1998. The hard core of it was Character Education. The purpose of this study was the...
Of many aims in school physical education, the idealistic one was the Whole Person Education, which was introduced by the Ministry of Education for Human Resources in 1998. The hard core of it was Character Education. The purpose of this study was the application of various narrative teaching learning activities adopted by the Hanaro Teaching model which was part of Character Education. After looking through the change in the different aspect (recognition, attitude, behavior) of students, this study searched how the narrative approach affected Character Education.
For this, 4 researchers participating in H.O.P.E.School team and I selected 5 students each, total 25 students. Field study of the Hanaro Teaching model was done for 4 years from 2004 to 2007. And I went deep into the study of applying the Hanaro teaching model beginning in fall semester, 2004 ending in 2007. The methods of collecting research data were questionnaire research, in-depth interviews, participative observation and non-participative observation, diaries of students and teachers, student's assignments and results of analyzing related documents. The methods of analyzing data were analyses of case study and inductive categories. Also reviews between researchers were done for the truth of data analyses.
The conclusions of this study were like this.
First, applications of the narrative approach in the Hanaro Teaching model covered teaching plans, teaching goals, teaching contents, teaching methods based on the teacher's philosophy. Teacher's philosophy included teaching direction, teacher's intention and vision for class. First of all, teaching direction focused on using and applying of narrative learning materials to convey the culture of physical education. Class was done in preparation for examples of sincere teachers, habits of thinking and responsible group activities. And practice of Character Education was class vision. Class topic was narrative approach and class proceeded by units with more detailed goals. Class contents consisted of 'direct experience activity'(DEA) to teach students how to do exercise well and 'indirect experience activity'(IEA) to teach students how to know exercise well. Class methods were made up of direct teaching activity(DTA) and indirect teaching activity(ITA). DTA presented an instruction-explanation type at the front part, colleague cooperation type at the middle part, research-discovery type at the back. Especially, colleague cooperation type was used positively. ITA was a practical exercise of teacher's virtue, righteousness, manners and wisdom through which teachers can practice their love for students. And close relationship between teachers and students was made thanks to this.
Second, students' recognition for narrative approach in the Hanaro Teaching model was physical education with experience, pursuing for one's own self, loving for life. Physical education with experience was a unique and systematical class, in which body and mind were the same. And physical education with pursuing for one's own self meant positive class accompanying self-examination. Also, physical education with loving for life was a class with reflecting a daily life, provoking interests of sports and resulting in a positive change. Class with sharing and serving was physical education targeting for everyone. Warm comfort given by teachers as part of ITAs encouraged students to look at the bright side of the world and solidarity formed by group activities helped students participate positively in physical education.
Third, practice through narrative approach in the Hanaro Teaching model changed the students' character aspect, such as recognition, attitude and behavior. To begin with, change of recognition was understanding the different value of life, identifying with others and developing moral consciousness. And change of attitude resulted in cultivating self-esteem, respecting and helping others, keeping self-regulation positively. Finally, change of behavior help develop the ability of solving conflicts, have courage of practicing the right thing and attitude of forming good habits.
Fourth, the condition of applying the narrative approach to the class in physical education was presented in the light of Human Resources Circumstance(HRC), Educational Circumstance(EC) and Social circumstance(SC). To begin with, in HRC, teachers were required to have research attitude, make narrative materials, create interesting class, be retrospective teachers, have intentional induction, do consideration for preference, develop habits for thinking, lead meaningful group activity and pay endless attention. Students were required to have storytelling class and sufficient preparation, enjoy joyfully, be reflective students, have self-flexibility, take responsibility for roles, think for assignment, consider others and need endless passion. Teachers and students, also, need to exert themselves in practicing virtue, righteousness, manners and wisdom. In EC, it was important for administrators to have broad thinking, cooperation between departments, support for facilities and teaching materials. Finally, in SC, systematic cooperation among school, parents, activities of Internet cafe and practical application for special evaluation were very important.
As mentioned above, the Hanaro Teaching model with narrative approach was thought to be a valuable teaching model that led students to a good person, teachers to a good teacher so both of them could grow well. Educational effect of Character Education emphasizing practical applications proved to be useful. Especially, by applying the narrative approach to physical education, the Hanaro teaching model as an alternative of Character Education can help improve HRC, EC, and SC in the end.