This analytic study on the emotional design is focussed on Donald A. Norman's Design Psychology. Emotion is considered to be psychological substance in human mind which is directly connected to human existence. `The emotional design' that connects suc...
This analytic study on the emotional design is focussed on Donald A. Norman's Design Psychology. Emotion is considered to be psychological substance in human mind which is directly connected to human existence. `The emotional design' that connects such mental substance to design is thought to be of a design methodology to which human behavior is applied. What Norman intended in emotional design is of functional design at which human needs and desire could be satisfied. Originally design has its purpose to lead the quality of life to the optimal state of it. In case that such design was made in a way of emotion, it was found out as a study result that its function could be more displaying than that of the original design.
In this study, the meaning of emotion in an aesthetic aspect was found out in John Dewey's pragmatism. The meaning of emotion that Dewey tells about is understood as a quality making `an' experience. That is, to Dewey, emotion is a primary experience given by perception on the way of performing by experiences. Therefore, the experiences of emotion through perception are the most original, plain ones. In case of the vivid emotion perceived by notable impressions, cognition deduces the memory and association for a long time. This, as the act of recognition through thought, can be said as a second experience. Therefore, `an' experience can be considered to be achieved through the interaction of emotion and cognition.
Our emotion as a necessary part of cognition is not separated from the activity of meaning. Thus, the `pattern-matching' which makes to happen affirmative emotion will be a condition of effective, emotional design. In case that such a kind of emotional design is applied to, we can feel our optimal experience, flow. What we experience the flow means 'an integrated experience' giving birth to an optimum result with attention, as psychological energy, being operated. Therefore, emotional design as a short cut to the flow should have its targets of performance and functionality through flow.
Norman searched for three dimensions of emotional design in human behavior. It is the visceral, behavioral and reflective design. The visceral design is the first dimension of emotional design which forms impressions with five senses being mobilized. The visual design which puts more than 80% of importance among five senses is a typical, visceral design which expresses through the dynamic of forms and colors. However, in case of the application of multidimensional senses, it can give more certain messages, and therefore it can be more successful design. The behavioral design is a kind of design, experiencing while using it. Since it is design felt while using it, the first, important condition is safety from life threat. What we are using a product is for achieving a target from the first function. If the user of it displays properly the function of it and has the understanding as much as the user can use it, usability is the optimal behavioral design which incidentally follows. Next, the reflective design is of a standpoint which sees the user's emotion and experiences reflected in a product more preferentially. So to speak, it is of a standpoint to see the user's image, identity, satisfaction, and achievement projected in a product firstly and preferentially more than the product itself. A product is a tool and symbol showing the user's image. In particular, the products which reflect the user's image and the brands including services are of signs showing the user's emotion most inclusively.
In the post-industrial society of the 21st century, this means that the five senses forming a platform of brands appeared the causes leading to economical benefits. A scientist of human engineering, Patric W. Jordan, based on Lionel Tiger's definition of pleasure and Abraham Maslow's 'the hierarchy of needs', created 'the user's hierarchy of needs'. It is the ranks of needs so-called `functionality, usability, and pleasure'. The highest step among them is `pleasure', and it was classified into four kinds of sensations; physiological, psychological, social, and ideal pleasures. Among these, the visceral design based on physiological pleasure took the highest position of importance. `Psychological pleasure' contacts with the behavioral design. For, in case that functional performance is well done, the user feels psychological satisfaction in his or her mind. `Social pleasure' can be applied to design by which among associations or co-workers more than two, gladness or pleasure can be felt. So-called public design or environmental design can be included herein. `Ideal pleasure' is a kind of pleasant sensation originated from books, music, and study hypotheses, so-called 'the theory of art'. This can be derived from the process through which the quality of products, or aesthetic beauty or the quality of life is heightened, and the scope influencing surroundings is assessed. Ecology has given an opportunity for it to win popularity as `ecology-centered design' while the mutually interdependent relations between environment and mankind are regarded important. `1deal pleasure' contacts with the reflective design. Thus, as seen in kinds of pleasures, our pleasant sensation includes the sphere of cognition and emotion. This gives birth to syllogism that we are existence enjoying life based on pleasure, and design is finally for making the artificial things which intend to satisfy mankind's pleasure.
The FCB Grid model which was published in 1981 is a matrix which was systemized while applying the connection between the analysis of the behavior of consumers and classification of products. As dimensions required this model, the degree of involvement was classified, based on analysis of acknowledgement structure, and as specialization of the brain, they were classified into dimensions of the roles of the left bran and right one; think and feel. Finally, the following results are obtained from three dimensions by the emotional design, four kinds of pleasures and cases analysing the FCB Grid model matrix. Good design satisfies all the three dimensions of emotional design, and all the four kinds of pleasures as well. Stated furniture of the Arts and Crafts Movement and BMW 2 Doors, 4 Doors and Convertible belong to the first quarter surface in the FCB Grid model. It is high price, behavioral design that is governed by intellectual aspects of functionality, usability, understandability, etc. These products should persuade consumers with rational pieces of information, and should meet the consumers' high involvement and concern. And in order to derive internal pleasure, so-called, mental pleasure, long-term planning and execution based on inspection are required. 'Paintings of the Arts and Crafts Movement and BMW Z4 & its Ads belong to the second quarter surface. They are high price, and of reflective design seriously chosen in which substitution is made by the user's image or identity or some symbolic things, according to emotional judgement. The matrix to which three dimensions of emotional design, four kinds of pleasures, and the FCB Grid model are applied will function as a useful strategy not only in the position of advertisement design but also in that of product design. For example, advertisement of Benneton, Victoria Secret, Christian Dior, as the visceral design, which physiological, social, and ideal pleasure are applied to belong to the fourth quarter surface of the FCB Grid model. Advertisements of Clinique, Evian, Nike, and Mustache of milk are situated on the third quarter surface of the FCB Grid model, satisfying four kinds of pleasures as behavioral design. Advertisements of Jonney Walker, the Watch of Concord as reflective design which satisfy psychological design are classified into the second quarter surface of the FCB Grid model. Everyday things can be classified into the third and/or the fourth quarter surface and physiological, social, and psychological pleasures can be obtained from such designs to which the purpose and principal of visceral design is applied.