In the highly complex cities like today, people have no choice but to rely on the administration activities in all the aspect of insurance of basic necessities as well as prevention of casualties, maintenance of wellbeing and systems and preservation ...
In the highly complex cities like today, people have no choice but to rely on the administration activities in all the aspect of insurance of basic necessities as well as prevention of casualties, maintenance of wellbeing and systems and preservation of clean environment. In this situation, administration is required to be more active and aggressive rather than active and post-factum.
In addition, as the various desires on administration are getting higher, the means and effects of achievement of administrative goals have important significance. As long as we fail to ensure effective means to mend and remove violation or breach of administrative obligations, it is impossible to conduct the duties posted on the administration today.
Therefore, the subject of administration orders the duties by the law directly or by the administration dispositions under the law towards the object of administration to achieve administrative goals and when the object of administration fulfills the duty, the administration goal is achieved. However, when the object of administration fails to fulfill the duty, the subject of administration should ensure the fulfillment of duties through enforcement means to realize the administration goal and effectiveness of administration laws.
As we have seen, the traditional means to insure the effectiveness of administration bear certain problems and limitations. Also, if the administration demand and request, that is becoming more pluralized, diversified and complicated, is not satisfied, the new administrative means to ensure effectiveness is introduced.
Those new means have surcharges, additional taxes, publications and limitations on government licensed business. These have positive aspects to ensure the effectiveness of administration, and at the same time, become problematic in legal basis and its allowance in imposing the relationship with other legal systems. In case of allowing, the problem of procedure rules and redemption means should be taken into consideration.
Therefore, this study examines the significance and its legal characteristics of the surcharge system, introduced as the means to ensure effectiveness in administration laws and the status of surcharge system as a restriction means, and looks at similar systems through the legal provisions of other countries.
In detail, in Chapter 2, I looked at the significance of surcharges, monetary restriction means, characteristics and legal conditions differentiated from surcharges, and lastly, the status of surcharges as restrictive means.
In Chapter 3, provision and payment method of surcharge system, effect of surcharge payment order, objection method and suspension of execution, collection of surcharges, return, and re-estimation process in Korea are provided.
In Chapter 4, the similar systems in Japan, European Union (EU), Germany, and USA were studied as examples of other countries.
In Chapter 5, I looked at the conflicts on special case provisions of penalty applications, necessities to distinguish with fines, indiscreet expansion of subject business, unclarity in jurisdiction and purpose, problems on price estimation, problems of imposition and levy, and inconsistency of administrative formats on business suspension focused on the present surcharge imposition law and execution and operation problems.
In Chapter 6, the plan to cancel surcharges and replace it with the fine is suggested as the plan to improve surcharge system. In relation to this, the fine of the administrative penalty is studied and the plan to unite present monetary restriction means such as surcharge, fine, additional charges and additional taxes, excluding monetary penalties included on the administrative penalty, under the name of administrative discipline charges was studied, not just the simple cancellation of the surcharges. Lastly, the improvement plan in case of maintaining present surcharge system is also suggested.
Although the surcharges, clear in its administrative disciplinary characteristics, are a unique system in Korea, it is introduced indiscreetly by the administration office. To review this surcharge system, the following issues are analyzed with the focus on the legal, execution and operational problems of surcharge system: conflicts on the special provisions of application of penalty; necessity to distinguish with fines; indiscreet expansion of the subject business; unclarity in jurisdiction and purpose; problems on price estimation; problems on imposition and levy; inconsistency of administrative formats on business suspension.
As a result, the surcharge possesses constitutional problems in relation to problem of double penalty, principle of proportion, principle of prohibition of excess, right to trial, principle of constructive innocence, deviation of limits of delegated legislation, and violation of property rights.
The surcharges should be cancelled and replaced by the fine or the present monetary restriction system such as fines and surcharges should be united under the name of administrative disciplinary charges. In this case, the latter would be more desirable in the aspect of unification of administrative disciplinary means.
Therefore, the monetary disciplinary means including the surcharges should be united as the administrative disciplinary charges and this should be stipulated as a single statute for discipl