The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the status and role of the military under the "military-first politics" in North Korea. It focuses on the emergence and development of "military-first politics" under Kim Jong Il by comparing the status and role...
The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the status and role of the military under the "military-first politics" in North Korea. It focuses on the emergence and development of "military-first politics" under Kim Jong Il by comparing the status and role military under Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il regimes.
First, the construction of kangsungdaekuk, the slogan for building a "powerful and prosperous nation," was a long-term aim presented to the North Korean people in a difficult domestic and foreign situation. Military-first politics is one of the methods to accomplish this aim; it does not entail decision-making by the military but policies to advance the military.
Second, the status and role of the military have changed over the years. As Kim Jong Il took the reigns of the military, the North Korean military was guaranteed a considerable promotion of status for their loyalty and support to his succession as head of state. In the late 1980s, the position of the new generation of military leaders who had risen rapidly were weakened and the expansion of the military reached its height. The death of Kim Il Sung in 1994, however, was an important turning point. Due to the domestic and foreign difficulties facing North Korea, Kim Jong Il sought to stabilize the regime by re-strengthening the political power of the military. Since then, the status of senior military figures has been elevated through large-scale promotions and their rise in the party hierarchy.
Third, the rise of the military, however, was limited to a considerable extent, as the promotion in military rank is not always accompanied by an increase in power. Although the status of the National Defence Commission(NDC) was strengthened by the amendment of the Socialist Constitution in 1998, it did not strengthen the NDC itself but symbolically elevated the status of its chairman, Kim Jong Il, to legitimize his succession as the head of the state. Meanwhile, the personnel, administration, and party activities of the military have been under the tight control of the powerful Office for Organization and Guidance of the Secretariat of the Workers' Party Central Committee.
Fourth, the expansion of the military's role does not automatically guarantee the expansion of political power. Any substantive rise in the power of the military is limited in that the military is faithful to the leader through the multiple control system.
In conclusion, the status and role of the military in North Korea have been expanded since the beginning of Kim Jong Il's rule. The rise of the military should be understood as a phenomenon of the unique control and regulation system of the Workers' Party. In the final analysis, the elevated status of the military was due to the political calculation of Kim Jong Il to strengthen his power base.