This study was intended to provide an institutional improvement plan of the examination system for employing superior secondary schools' physical education teacher (PET), to instill in the desirable attitude, through considerable understanding of the ...
This study was intended to provide an institutional improvement plan of the examination system for employing superior secondary schools' physical education teacher (PET), to instill in the desirable attitude, through considerable understanding of the examination system and extensive analysis of present problems.
Based on the preceding investigation, eight domains such as a procedure, a written examination, an additional point allowance, a school record allowance, an essay test, an interview, a teaching skill test and a practical skill test used in the examination system for employing superior secondary schools' PET were selected in order to achieve these objectives.
A Delphi method of investigation was adopted, which could be suitable for providing a proposal for future's school policy through converging and embracing various opinions of highly professional experts. Therefore, expert groups consisting of education experts, education administrators, physical education experts and physical education administrators analyzed the current problems of the 8 domains of the examination system for secondary schools' PET and proposed a new program which incorporated all the desirable alterations.
The Delphi survey was conducted three times. The first Delphi survey was designed to allow free opinion about current problems with the examination system for secondary schools' PET and suggesting desirable alternative programs. The second Delphi survey was composed of 38 questionnaires which were devised on the basis of the experts' opinions in the first survey and the preceding studies, allocating a 5 score scale to the degree of alternation possibility and using a 4 step scale for the degree of hope to prevent any ambiguous expression. The median, mean, standard deviation, and quadrant point range were calculated from the collected data.
The third Delphi survey was designed to reestimate and modify the response which falls outside the scope of quadrant point range in the second survey or present the minority opinion. The standard deviation and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data.
In this way, the following conclusions were reached on the basis of the Delphi method, which was repeated three times. The conclusions were as follows;
A. Examination procedure for secondary schools' PET
First, in order to reflect personal humanity and professional spirit, the score alloted to the essay test and hours of interview time should be increased, and the reliability and the suitability of questions should be strengthened.
Second, the regional policy of examination procedure should be presented to prevent confusion of candidates during the employment examination of physical education.
B. The written examination an additional point allowance, a school record allowance for secondary schools' PET
a) The written examination for secondary schools' PET
First, questions based on of generally verified principles and contemporary, realistic contents are required.
Second, continuous research and development of questions is required to create suitable question relating to the actual field (teaching place)
Third, the reflection percentage of a range of possible questions should be consistently maintained according to priority.
Fourth, with regard to the selection of committee members who prepare questions, the ratio of present teachers in attendance should be increased in proportion to the number of professors having professional knowledge.
Fifth, the precise standard of the grading of examinations and the correct answers should be disclosed in a clear manner to the public.
Sixth, questions to evaluate a teacher's ability to provide personal guidance for students is required, but to accurately evaluate the guidance ability is expected to be difficult.
b) An additional point allowance for the employment examination of secondary schools' PET
First, an adjustment of the additional point allowance is required. At present, an applicant to complete military service get an additional point and the additional point to grant to a man of merit should be diminished.
Second, mainly institutional frame of an additional point allowance having regional difference should be unified to reduce confusion.
Third, the expansion of an additional point to the applicant with a certificate relating with majoring scope is necessary.
C. An essay test for the employment examination of secondary schools' PET
First, research and development of clever questions which can evaluate the practical business and various considerations is required.
Second, the employment of an applicant with a wide range of interests, for example culture, current social issues as well as educational issues, is very important.
Third, a concrete evaluation method and grading standard for essay examination should be produced at the request of experts.
D. Interview, a teaching skill test and a practical skill test for the employment examination of secondary schools' PET
a) Interview for the employment examination of secondary schools' PET
First, committee members selected for interviewing should be required to take a previous training course in order to improve the reliability of interview examination.
Second, practical and detailed evaluation guidelines and a set of procedure for the interview of the employment examination should be systematically studied.
Third, advanced questions to evaluate a candidate's other skills such as creative talent, logicality and leadership should be prepared.
Fourth, various questions to evaluate moral character of applicants as a teacher should certainly be included.
Fifth, a more comprehensive interview should be conducted with increasing hours of interview and the number of interviewer (with various age group).
b) A teaching skill test for the employment examination of secondary schools' PET
A practical and detailed evaluation guideline and procedure for the teaching skill test of the employment examination should be systematically studied and then implemented. An evaluation method and grading standard for the teaching skill test should be clearly established by various expert groups including experts in the area of physical education and pedagogy.
c) Practical skill test for the employment examination of secondary schools' PET
First, practical and detailed evaluation guidelines and grading standard for the practical skill test of the employment examination should definitely be prepared.
Second, various items that are necessary in actual education spot should be selected and evaluated.
Third, since the practical skill test for the employment examination is often conducted in front of waiting candidates in the gymnasium, (giving the opportunity to become familiar with the tasks they will have to do,) this problem should be addressed, as it is disadvantageous to the previous candidates.
In conclusion, a new paradigm to overcome the existing framework should be proposed in order to improve the conventional system of selecting a physical education teacher of desirable quality. Furthermore, the recognition of the necessity of change by policy makers relating to physical education as well as the recognition of this need by education administrators and physical education experts will be the basis of paradigm reform. Also training institutes should take the lead in reforming the present system.
It is clear that the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development must allocate an appropriate budget and enact related laws and institutions accordingly. Then, a new employment examination system will result in the selection of high quality teachers, who can attain the right level of physical education in the future.