토속민요에 관한 연구 : 부산광역시 기장군 = A Study on the Local Song of Gijang-gun, Busan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

People in Gijang-gun make their living in the area which is surrounded by the mountains and shores. Due to the restricted area such as surrounding mountains and fewer plains, people in Gijang-gun work at the fishery and business related to the fishery. The local folk song of Gijang-gun, which is harmonized with the mountain and shore culture, has its own characteristic and localism. Due to these, it has been diachronically formed, kept and changed up to now.
The local song of Gijang-gun has expropriated its cultural characteristic and regional emotions. In spite of that the local song of Gijang has mutually treated with another local area and made its own sounds in the process of transmit of the folk song and cultural diffusion, there was no synthetic research related to the local song of Gijang-gun. In this research, the synthetic results of the local song of Gijang-gun are proposed based on the field survey and literature in this research. The summarized results are following.
1. Based on the field survey and literature review held in 5 different urban areas of Gijang-gun; Gijang, Jangan, Chulma, Jungkwan and Ilkwang, the local song of Gijang is rearranged 254 songs including new 15 songs, which are not documented up to now. It is also divided by functional and formal characteristic and aesthetic sense of contents. The field survey area and schedule are following.
Date: 2007/07/06 - 2007/08/06
Location: Community Centers in 12 urban areas of Gijang-gun
Informant: Ju Mo Jung and etc.
2. According to the research, there were 181 labor songs which are constituted68.6 % of the total folk song of Gijang-gun. Among the labor songs, farming songs whichare 141 songs are constituted 77.9%. Besides that, there are only 12 fishery songs which are constituted 4.5% of the total folk song of Gijang-gun. Many farming songs have been transmitted whereas fewer fishery songs have been transmitted up to now. The reason might be that the fishery songs were mainly transmitted by the fishery men whereas the farming songs were mainly transmitted by family. Additionally, the number of transmitted fishery songs wasfew and numbers of fish men decreases due to the fishing mechanization these days. In the other hands, there were 23 songs related to Betul(the looming) and Gilsam(the weaving) which is constituted 8.7% of the total folk song of Gijang-gun. From these, it is realized womenfolk's painful life at the moment. There were 22 clothing songs which is constituted 8.3% of the total folk song of Gijang -gun.
3. The main tempo of the folk song of Gijang-gun was 4 ? 4 tempos for 174 songs among 264 songs which is 65.9% irrespective of the formal characteristics of the songs. It shows the character domiciliation of tempo of the folk. The main tribranch was 4 tribranch which 157 songs had and portioned 59.9% of the total songs. This means that the folk songs were comprised with causal relationship, catechetical expression and equal relationship. There were several different melodic methods. Betulnorae and Batmaeginorae(the looming song and the weaving song) which sings alone as working, Sunhuchang(the preceding and following song) and Gyohwanchang(the giving and taking song) which sings together. It is supposed that the folk songs roleart community for people. For the folk song of Gijang-gun, the farming songs followed Gyohwanchang method and the fishery songs followed Sunhuchang method.
The refrain was divided by the meaningful refrain, meaningless refrain and the mixed refrain in the folk song of Gijang-gun. The meaningless refrain held large portion of the songs.
The subject of the folk song was emotional because they are amateur singers. There was not much melodic change in the folk song of Gijang-gun. This shows that they did not have much musical background at the moment. They have changed lyric on the same melody when they want to sing or feel different ways.
4. For content of the folk song of Gijang-gun, the songs which are related to humor and satire, which are main characteristic of the folk songs, were portioned 17.8% which are 47 songs out of 264 songs. Another contents of the folk songs are followed; passion, laboring field, lamentation, mutability of life and family. These contents of the folk songs show the cultural characteristic under the patriarchal system in the farming era.
The main aesthetic sense was comedy which is portioned 31.4% and 83 songs. This shows that forefathers wanted to enjoy their life and not give in their bad working circumstance even if their life was weary. Another aesthetic sense are following; tragedy, elegancy, and sublime.
5. Based on drawing an inference from preservation of Jisinbalgi(making hard the ground by stepping) in Gijang-gun, it is one of ways to transmit the local folk song to next generation as holding a festival and the folk song contest in Gijang-gun area.
6. Based on the field survey and literature review of the local folk song of Gijang-gun, it is examined the functional, formal, and aesthetical characteristic of the local folk song of Gijang-gun in the historical and geographical point of view. It was fortunate to preserve 264 local folk songs which are reflected in geographical feature such as the mountain and shores. Consequently, it is important to preserve our own cultural heritage such as the local folk songs and keep researching the cultural heritage continuously. The insufficient results will be researched furthermore in the future.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 1-1 연구목적 = 1
• 1-2 연구사 검토 및 연구방법 = 4
• 제2장 기장군의 문화적 배경 = 7
• 2-1 기장군의 역사적 배경 = 7
• 2-2 기장군의 지리적 배경 = 7
• 제3장 기장군 토속민요의 기능적 분류 = 16
• 3-1 노동요 = 18
• 3-1-1 농업노동요 및 잡역 = 19
• 3-1-2 어업노동요 = 20
• 3-1-3 길쌈, 베틀 요 = 21
• 3-2 의식요 = 22
• 3-2-1 지신풀이 = 22
• 3-2-2 상여소리 = 23
• 3-3 유희요 = 23
• 3-4 기타의 민요 = 25
• 제4장 기장군 토속민요의 형식 = 27
• 4-1 율격 = 27
• 4-1-1 음수율 = 27
• 4-1-2 음보율 = 31
• 4-2 구성 = 36
• 4-2-1 가창방식 = 36
• 4-2-2 후렴분류 = 39
• 4-2-3 박자 및 선율 = 39
• 제5장 결론 = 46
• 참고문헌 = 50
• ABSTRACT = 53
• 후기 = 57