도시경관개선을 위한 옥외 화훼장식물에 관한 연구 = A study of the outdoor floral sculptures for the improvement of the urban landscape

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Creating public, open space for everyone would be vital step for the improvement of urban landscape. Floral sculpture can lead the upgrade of urban life style and make citizen have various experiences by sociable, cultural activity naturally. Still, it shows us the beyond of harmonic mixture between artificial city and nature. A value of floral sculpture would be ever-increasing.
However, almost all of the floral sculptures were designed by alone architecture with subjective plan, sympathy between architecture and audience could not be realized well. Thus, I tried to find the possibility about the preference analysis of the objectified floral sculpture, for the improvement of floral sculpture to the public art.
This study carried out some research for the best plan pointing to the accomplishment of popularized sculpture art based on the analysis about the visual preference of floral sculptures that were set up in the urban outdoor space.
First, the reconfiguring of the floral sculpture like the way of using, special quality, significance at the present time could be understood through the theoretical approach and the field investigation.
Second, by the existing case study the degree of recognition and future possibility of floral sculpture could be classified.
Third, for the investigation of public recognition, environmental psychological approach was carried out and the results are followed.
1. According to the characteristic research, floral sculpture could be classified in three types-120 cases of urban floral sculptures showed us the planted place would be important-flower beds, containers and solid sculptures. It could help the grasping of idea; for the activating function with esthetic change of urban space.
2. Analysis of the floral sculpture installation at the present time
(1) Floral sculptures which were planted in the flower bed could be found at the 40 spots. A rectangle form which gave us stability was selected widely. Generally red color system was chose in the floral color for the aim of active, busy city. Like Safinia, Petunia and Impatiens, plants had fine texture with big bud were preferred.
Floral sculptures that were planted in the flower bed were mainly distributed in Gangbuk, because many public offices in the region constantly cared flower beds which were made in the former days.
(2) Planted in the container were found at the 55 spots. Many of them were orb shape. Like Begonia or Vinca, flowers had fine texture with little bud were preferred. Red color system was generally used for the purpose of warm and stable city. The light weight of material considered a strong point than others, so by the mobility containers were marked the most preferred type.
As a fashioned factor that was suitable in the nowadays stream, container would be demanded very well. So design development for the harmony with urban circumference, like color or shape, should be followed
(3) At the 25 spots, floral decorations in the solid sculpture were found, that led the highest visual preference with the three dimensions shape. The clear contrasts of color system between red and yellow were preferred and with solid sculpture, concrete forms were remarkably demanded.
In type of plants such as Safinia or Petunia that the petals had the possibility of making the big work as big one, or Begonia which helped the three-dimensional sculptures were presented softly, were plentifully selected. Floral sculptures with the three-dimensional molding which were preferred a lot could be discovered in Go-yang Si, which designed the floral industrial special sector
3. The analysis of the visual quality
(1) It attempted the quality analysis of the image of floral sculpture. The ‘natural’, ‘order’ and the ‘unification’ appeared statistically highly. The ‘clear’ and ‘beautiful’ appeared lowly in the other side. The floral sculpture helped the artificial city could be get the natural beauty and unification and it was highly evaluated that it gives harmonize. The values like ‘clear’ or ‘beautiful’ were lowly evaluated relatively. There were no constant checks so a fine view damaged as we recognized.
In the case made in the flower bed, there is an atmosphere which is stabilized, but that it was indicated the lack of constant checks, too.
The floral sculptures which were composed in the container were marked high evaluations especially ‘the unification’ and ‘the order’ which were included from quality of material. But lack of checks was indicated, too.
The floral sculptures which were designed in three-dimensional sculptures gave a clear feeling, but by the lack of concerns, their grades were cracked seriously.

(2) Factor research was executed for the quality analysis of floral sculpture, and the factors were extracted with 4 things.
The factor 1 is ‘the esthetic’. The floral sculptures have unique feature, the charm that is a growth which it follows in change of hour, the vital force overflows and it does to feel.
The factor 2 is ‘the order’. With the order which it comes to feel from completion degree together, there is a unification which comes from a variety.
The factor 3 is ‘the weight.’ The gender image which it comes to feel from the floral sculpture and the weight image that from the scale.
The factor 4 is ‘the neighborhood’. It would be consider seriously psychological image or stability.
With the fact that it records the factor score whose factor 3 is high result evenly most. The visual preference against the sculpture of solid and sense of stability and unity feeling were important. ‘The weight’ and ‘the neighborhood’ factor made in the flower bed and position sculpture at the time of rectangle one they were preferred, because the matter of familiar.
(3) The result which analyzes visual preference, it received the score where the work which is produced in no.23 Donga-ilbo-sa is high most. As the floral sculpture which is produced in the solid sculpture, it used environment ecological item. It added floral sculpture in the sculpture which expresses a story, as the human body composed by the soil. It was evaluated to successful work for the achievement of the sympathy with the users.
Most it cannot be preferred the sculpture of no.1 Guk-se-chung and it will be compared. Meaning of floral sculpture decreased, because the scale of solid sculpture was too big relatively. It showed that the harmony with the circumference landscape is important.
(4) I analyzed the relationship of visual preference and the image. The results of multiple regression analyses would be followed. The esthetic factor was higher than any other factors like the case I. It could be decided with the fact that the visual effect which was the rectangle shape gave a sense of stability. Even from the case II the esthetic factor appeared most highly with sameness, thus the case II it will be able to judge with result of the be active image which comes out from the container, ‘the neighborhood’ was highest factor from case III. It was well evaluated as the visual effect which was clear with ‘the order’ and ‘the unity’ which the solid sculpture gave it was a thing. Generally it would be able to think that the factor which gave the biggest effect to the floral sculpture was esthetic factor. I thought a topic for the improvement of floral sculpture, design development to increase the esthetic degree was essential.
(5) I was analyzed the visual harmony between surrounding space and floral sculpture. Both no.24 Su-cho-sari-won and no.21 KINTEX road crossing were marked well in the color harmony evaluation. Both of them had a feature that the clear and harmonious color. Green and red color system brought the stability and active feeling, which were well matched with surrounding.
In the field of material, no.21 KINTEX and no.23 Donga-ilbo-sa were highly evaluated. Plant selections were excellent, appropriate and balanced quantities was remarkable.
No.21 KINTEX road crossings and no.23 Donga-ilbo-sa works were highly evaluated in the scale field. With circumference environment it matched well, and it accomplished the role of the land-mark.
No.21 KINTEX road crossing and no.23 Donga-ilbo-sa which were produced in solid sculpture were remarkably evaluated in the shape field. It was expressed concretely for the clearness with mixed cylinder and orb style shape.
Production of multi dimension it led from field of Position and it held it was consistent and from which position and the position work no.21 KINTEX road crossing and no.24 Su-cho-sari-won were highly evaluated.
The work most which attains a high visual harmony was the floral sculpture which is produced in solid sculpture of case III. These works also selected even from the color, material, scale, shape and position and when seeing the fact that, that the hazard which raises a completion degree the artificial flower which is the balance which stands is necessary it will be able to analyze.
It could be able to analyze that for the improvement of completion degree, like those works selected from the color, material, scale, shape and position, balanced harmony was demanded.
(6) In the broad view, multiple regression analysis for the floral sculpture research in the urban space, ‘the position’ factor was the most important factor, especially in the matter of visual preference. It was meant the importance of surrounding, thus harmony with circumstance directly linked to the quality of works.
In the case I, color harmony was in first interest. Display by flower bed was led by the color of buds, and the eye of audience was, too. It could be thought that the power of color had ultimate leading power to the audience.
Like a broad view, the position was prominent in the case II. Floral sculptures that were composed in the container had good mobility, so it could be analyzed that the harmony with surrounding was more emphasized.
The position factor was emphasized in case III, too. It would be able to analyze with the fact that the relationship with circumference environment role decisively in completion degree of the work the floral sculpture which it produces in solid sculpture.
For the achievement of sculpture which it tried to observe from above, the production that making balanced city space was necessary. But it could be able to guess from research result, the users demanded the dramatic production expected from the solid sculpture. This result could be understood that the users wished the more active life.
In the outdoor space, the floral sculpture’s role is not only the indicator but also one of the public arts that made beautiful city. Also it was considered that not the least things should be reformed.
It should be discussed the topic for the improvement of floral sculpture, especially using container; differentiate the shape and color of container. I recognized the necessity of our native plants for planting in the outdoor space, too. Subjects like those things should be studied and following research must be followed.
From now on, I expected that this analysis result of research could be used in the steps of planning and production, for the successful achievement of more beautiful city, by grasping of users idea.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

도시의 외부환경은 「누구나가 활용하는 공공의 장으로서의 공간」을 어떻게 조성하고 활성화하여 가치 있는 공간으로 창출하느냐 하는 것이 대단히 중요한 과제이다.
화훼장식물은 이러한 도시공간에서 다양한 경험과 사회적?문화적 활동을 자연스럽게 유발하게 하며, 그 도시에서 삶의 질을 높이는 역할을 하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 인공적인 도시 속에서 자연과 호흡하여 조화로운 도시환경을 연출하는데 새로운 지평을 여는 등 화훼장식물의 필요성이 점차 부각되고 있다. 하지만 도시의 공공장소를 실용적이고 심미안적으로 연출하여야 하는 화훼장식물의 대부분이 설치자의 주관적인 기획과 연출로 이루어져, 화훼장식물을 보는 이용자들과의 공감대 형성에는 많은 문제점을 가지고 있는 것이 현실이다.
화훼연출의 기본 명제는 ‘자연과 조형을 바탕으로 성립되는 예술’ 이다. 화훼연출의 기본적인 재료는 자연물이며 또한 이들이 지니고 있는 자연의 절대미이다. 따라서 화훼연출의 미(美)는 자연에 대한 인식과 지식에서 출발하며 각각의 자연물이 가지는 특성을 기반으로 새로운 화훼장식물로서의 미를 재창조하게 된다.
이제 화훼장식물은 단순한 감상대상이 아니라, 관객과 작품이 하나가 되고 스스로 참여할 수 있는 체험적 기능으로서 공간을 한정해 주는 구실을 하며, 공공 예술성을 지니면서 주변 환경과의 유기적인 조화를 이루며 인간의 정서적인 면을 고양시켜 주고 있다
따라서 화훼장식물의 점진적인 차별화와 특성화를 목표로 도시민의 시각적 아름다움을 보다 강화시키고 도시환경의 제반 물리적 요소와 조화를 이루는 등 화훼장식물의 합리적이며 창의적 연출을 모색하기 위한 자료제공 등 실증적 연구의 필요성이 증대 되고 있는 실정이다.
현재 진행되고 있는 화훼장식물에 대한 연구로는 주체자인 작가가 연출한 주관적인 작품의 결과물로서의 다양한 연구가 있어 왔지만 객체인 사용자, 즉 이용자가 객관적으로 느낄 수 있는 시각적인 영향에 대한 연구, 특히 공공장소에 연출되는 화훼장식물에 대한 현황은 물론 객관적인 미적 반응 등을 파악하기 위한 연구는 찾아보기 힘든 실정이다.
그러므로 본 연구에서는 공공장소에서 누구나 선호하고 공감할 수 있는 「객관화된 화훼장식물의 선호도 분석 연구」가 시급히 이루어져야 된다고 생각하며 이를 통하여 화훼장식물의 대중예술로서의 발전 가능성을 모색하고자 한다.
따라서 본 연구는 문헌과 답사를 통하여 화훼장식물의 작품설치현황을 파악하고 화훼장식물에 대한 의식조사를 설문조사를 통하여 실시하여 화훼장식물의 형태적 특성을 결정짓는 제반변수들의 조사를 통하여 특성분석 및 유형분류를 실시하였으며 또한 유형별 화훼장식물의 이미지 및 시각적 선호를 측정하여 시각적 선호도를 결정짓는 주요변수를 도출하여 이미지 특성과 선호도와의 관계를 규명하였다.
화훼장식물을 연출하는데 있어서 화훼장식물의 여러 유형이 도시공간에 적절한 배치로 연출되어, 균형 있는 공간으로서의 연출이 필요하나, 본 연구 결과에서 알 수 있듯이, 감상자들이 원하는 화훼장식물의 형태는 적극적인 연출이 기대되는 입체조형물에 연출한 화훼장식물인 것으로 나타났다. 이는 인공적이고 건조한 도시로부터 보다 생동감 있고 활력 있는 도시로의 삶을 원하는 결과로 집약 된 것이다. 이젠 외부공간에서 화훼장식물의 역할은 단순히 지표의 역할을 하는 기능적인 역할 뿐만 아니라, 심미안적인 연출의 효과가 더 높아져, 도시 미관을 아름답게 하는데 한걸음 더 공공예술로 정착되어 가고 있음을 알 수 있다.
따라서 본 연구의 결과가 향후 아름다운 도시경관에서의 「녹(綠)과 화(花)에로의 재2의 창출」과 「화훼예술의 대중적 기여」를 목표로 한 외부공간에서의 화훼장식을 위한 디자인 기획과 연출시, 이용자 선호도 반영 및 주변 경관과의 조화성 기준을 제시하는데 근거자료로 활용되고 더 나아가서 아름다운 도시를 창조하는데 기여할 수 있기를 기대해 본다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 = 1
• 1.1 연구의 배경 = 1
• 1.2 연구의 목적 = 2
• 2. 연구의 범위 = 5
• 2.1 내용적 범위 = 5
• 2.2 공간적 범위 = 6
• 3. 연구과정 = 7
• Ⅱ. 연구사 = 9
• Ⅲ. 화훼장식물 = 17
• 1. 화훼장식물의 개념 및 특성 = 17
• 1.1 화훼장식물의 개념 = 17
• 1.2 화훼장식물의 특성 = 18
• 2. 화훼장식물의 기능 및 분류 = 22
• 2.1 화훼장식물의 기능 = 22
• 2.2 화훼장식물의 분류 = 23
• 3. 화훼장식물의 방향성 = 28
• Ⅳ. 화훼장식물의 설치 현황 조사 분석 = 32
• 1. 연구대상 선정 및 개요 = 32
• 1.1 연구대상지 선정 = 32
• 1.2 연구대상지 개요 = 32
• 2. 화훼장식물 유형 분류 = 34
• 3. 화훼장식물의 설치 현황 분석 = 38
• 3.1 화단에 식재된 화훼장식물 = 38
• 3.1.1 식재된 화훼식물 현황 분석 = 38
• 3.1.2 형태 및 크기 분석 = 43
• 3.1.3 화훼장식물의 배치현황 분석 = 46
• 3.2 컨테이너에 식재된 화훼장식물 = 48
• 3.2.1 식재된 화훼식물 현황 분석 = 48
• 3.2.2 컨테이너의 사용 현황 분석 = 51
• 3.2.3 형태 및 크기 분석 = 54
• 3.2.4 화훼장식물의 배치현황 분석 = 55
• 3.3 입체 조형물로 연출된 화훼장식물 = 56
• 3.3.1 식재된 화훼식물 현황 분석 = 56
• 3.3.2 기타 소재의 사용 현황 분석 = 59
• 3.3.3 형태 및 크기 분석 = 61
• 3.3.4 화훼장식물의 배치현황 분석 = 62
• Ⅴ.화훼장식물의 시지각적 특성 분석 = 65
• 1. 연구방법 = 65
• 1.1 연구대상지 선정 = 65
• 1.2 경관사진 작성 = 66
• 1.3 변수의 측정 및 평가방법 = 70
• 1.4 조사 집단 선정 = 71
• 1.5 자료 분석 = 72
• 2. 분석결과 = 73
• 2.1 화훼장식물의 이미지 특성 분석 = 73
• 2.1.1 S.D Scale 기술 통계분석 = 73
• 2.1.2 화훼장식물 이미지에 관한 요인 분석 = 74
• 2.2 화훼장식물의 시각적 선호도 분석 = 78
• 2.2.1 시각적 선호도 분석 = 78
• 2.2.2 화훼장식물의 시각적 선호도 차이 검증 = 82
• 2.2.3 화훼장식물의 시각적 선호도와 이미지 특성과의 관계성 분석 = 82
• 2.3 화훼장식물의 시각적 조화성 분석 = 86
• 2.3.1 시각적 조화성 변수 분석 = 86
• 2.3.2 시각적 선호도와 조화성 변수와의 관계성 분석 = 90
• Ⅵ. 결과 및 고찰 = 93
• 참고문헌 = 100
• Abstract = 107
• 부록 = 117