사회주의 중국에서의 종교집단의 특징과 역할에 관한 연구 : 50년대 삼자교회의 형성과정을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The subject of this paper is the character and role of the Three-Self Church in China. It was understood that the socialism and the religion are incompatible in the Marxist theory so the socialist states like the Soviet Union attacked the religion-group after the revolution. But the Three-Self Church was recognized officially by the political consentment between the state and the church from the beginning of the socialist system in China, and the church accepted the socialism line of the state actively and developed with the identity as a patriotic religion-group.
The theoretical base enabled the combined structure between the state and the church can be shown in Mao's contradiction theory, which deals with the dialectic combination of identity and conflict. Based on this conception, the strategy and political line for building the socialist China are compressed in the United Front, and the religion-policy of socialist China was operated as a chain of the United Front. In other words, despite the socialism and religion are fundamentally incompatible both can associated with in the wide-ranging dimension for socialist-construction. Consequently, the state carried out the policy of religious freedom within the principle and extent of the United Front, so the church could survive and develope institutionally. And the state required the church to accept the socialism system, follow the ideology and political line of the state.
Under this religion-policy, the common base which the state of China suggested for the dialectic combination between the state and church was 'the anti-imperialism and patriotism'. That is, the state of China asked the church to break off the relations with the western imperialist and to reform the structure in order to exist under the socialist system of China on the one hand, and demanded the church to participated positively in socialist-construction with all groups and organizations in China on the other hand. Under this situation, the church proclaimed to accept the requirement of the state and practice 'the anti-imperialism and patriotism' through the Three-Self Manifesto, and the church changed into the Three-Self Church which is under the control of the state through the process of the Three-Self movement. By this process and context, there were somewhat changes on theology thought of the former Chinese church so the Three-Self theology was formed, which was combined with socialism and transfigured by political intervention of the state. And in political and social circles, the church became to have the character mobilized into political, economical, and social campaign of the state and inclined strongly to the ideology of the state. On the basis of these characters, the Three-Self Church came to function as ideological instrument supporting the socialism regime and the line of the state politically and theologically.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 第1章 서론 = 1
• 第1節 문제의 제기 = 1
• 第2節 연구범위 및 논문의 구성 = 2
• 第2章 사회주의 종교인식에 따른 중국의 종교정책 = 4
• 第1節 전통 사회주의 종교인식 = 4
• 1. 맑스의 종교인식 = 4
• 2. 레닌의 종교인식 = 6
• 第2節 종교에 대한 중국 공산당의 인식과 정책 = 8
• 1. 중국 사회주의 종교인식 = 8
• 2. 통일전선전술 = 11
• 3. 중국 사회주의 종교인식과 통일전선전술의 종교정책에의 적용 = 14
• 第3節 중화인민공화국 성립 전후 중국 종교정책의 전개 = 16
• 1. 건국 이전 중국 공산당의 종교정책 = 16
• 2. 중화인민공화국 성립초기의 종교정책 = 18
• 第3章 삼자(三自)운동을 통한 삼자교회의 형성과정 = 22
• 第1節 종교정책에 의한 교회의 변화와 <삼자선언> = 22
• 1. 새로운 정세와 교회의 변화 = 22
• 2. 삼자(三自)의 개념 = 23
• 3. <삼자선언>의 탄생 = 24
• 第2節 삼자혁신운동의 전개(1950-1953) = 28
• 1. <삼자선언> 지지서명운동의 전개 = 29
• 2. 항미원조운동 하에서의 삼자혁신운동 = 31
• 3. 삼자혁신운동의 2가지 방식 = 33
• 第3節 삼자애국운동으로의 전환(1954-1958) = 37
• 1. 변화된 정세와 삼자애국운동위원회의 성립 = 38
• 2. 삼자애국운동의 2가지 방향 = 40
• 3. 대약진운동과 삼자운동의 종결 = 44
• 第4章 삼자교회의 특징과 역할 = 48
• 第1節 삼자교회의 특징 = 48
• 1. 신학적 특징 = 48
• 2. 정치사회적 특징 = 52
• 第2節 삼자교회의 역할 = 54
• 第5章 결론: 중국 초기 종교정책의 현대적 함의 = 60
• 參考文獻 = 67
• ABSTRACT = 73