Recently, the housing market in Korea has experienced a change that monthly-rent-with-variable-deposit (MRVD) market has taken a substantial portion of the rental housing market. This change in the market configuration may be accepted as a signal that...
Recently, the housing market in Korea has experienced a change that monthly-rent-with-variable-deposit (MRVD) market has taken a substantial portion of the rental housing market. This change in the market configuration may be accepted as a signal that the dichotomous view of Chonsei vs. sales markets should be reconsidered. Moreover, the conversion rate of Chonsei to monthly rent observed in the market has been much higher than the market interest rate. Therefore, there is also a question as to whether Chonsei market could be accepted to be identical with monthly-rent market.
This study attempts to establish new interpretation of Korean housing market based on a three-dimensional structure among sales, chonsei, and pure monthly-rent markets. To explain this interpretation, this study develops theoretical models structuring relationships between the three sub-markets and makes empirical models for the theoretical relationships by simultaneous-equation models. The theoretical analysis shows that Chonsei is an intermediate market affected by both pure monthly-rent and sales markets rather than a simple rental market.
Although all coefficients of each equation are not statistically significant, an empirical study (Two Stage Least Square model) mostly supports previous theoretical models. The estimated pure monthly-rent market equation shows rational responses on current market fundamentals including supply and demand factors. The estimated sales market equation shows that sales price strongly affected by market fundamentals. As the focused market, Chonsei market is strongly affected by both monthly-rent and sales markets.
This paper also analyzes differences between regional sub-markets. The empirical model is similar with previous empirical model. The models of sub-markets include dummy variable for housing policy. The results of regional markets analysis indicate that each region has differential market structure. In addition, the estimated dummy variables make positive effects to monthly-rent and regionally discriminating effects to sales price.
Having provided basic findings, this paper brings out implications as followings. In theoretical, the theoretical model on three dimensional housing markets is useful to address a wide spectrum of MRVD and Chonsei market. In theoretical view, MRVD market is characterized by pure monthly-rent market and Chonsei market. Chonsei market is also characterized by both pure monthly-rent market and sales market. This approach is expected to make some progresses for housing study in Korea.
In practical, empirical model shows relationships between housing markets and supply-demand factors as well as dualistic character of Chonsei market. Therefore, extending data and including additional variables could make this empirical model as more feasible forecasting model of housing market. Analysis for regional housing markets also shows differentials of market structure. It means that regional differentials should be considered in making or executing housing policy.