한국은 현재 고령화 사회를 맞이하여 노인 인구가 급증하고 있다. 특히 노인에게 일상생활에서 오는 소외감을 해소시켜주고 심리적 만족과 건강 증진을 위해 여가활동에 참여하는 노인들이...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11228104
서울 : 국제신학대학원대학교, 2008
학위논문(박사) -- 국제신학대학원대학교 , 사회복지학과 사회복지전공 , 2008.2
2008
한국어
362.6 판사항(20)
서울
ix,172 p. ; 27 cm.
참고문헌수록
0
상세조회0
다운로드한국은 현재 고령화 사회를 맞이하여 노인 인구가 급증하고 있다. 특히 노인에게 일상생활에서 오는 소외감을 해소시켜주고 심리적 만족과 건강 증진을 위해 여가활동에 참여하는 노인들이...
한국은 현재 고령화 사회를 맞이하여 노인 인구가 급증하고 있다. 특히 노인에게 일상생활에서 오는 소외감을 해소시켜주고 심리적 만족과 건강 증진을 위해 여가활동에 참여하는 노인들이 급증하고 있다. 이들의 여가활동 유형에 따른 생활만족도를 위한 양질의 여가활동 유형이 요구되고 있다. 여가활동자체를 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 기회나 수단으로 활용하지 못하고 고역으로 인식하고 있는 노인들에게 필요한 여가활동 프로그램을 제공할 수 있는 생활만족도에 관한 연구가 필요하다 할 것이다.
본 논문은 이러한 사회적 요구에 부응하기 위해 여가활동에 참여하는 노인들의 여가활동 유형에 따른 만족도를 조사 분석하여 앞으로 노인여가활동 활성화를 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 연구 목적을 두었다.
이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해서 문헌조사와 실증적 연구를 실시하였다, 문헌조사는 노인여가활동의 생활만족에 관한 국·내외에서 발행된 단행본, 학위논문, 정부간행물, 보건복지부 정책자료, 노인여가활동에 관련된 신문기사들을 수집 분석하였다.
실증적 연구는 서울특별시 종합노인복지관중 성북구, 도봉구, 노원구, 강북구에 위치한 종합사회복지관을 대상으로 350명을 선정하여 방문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 설문지는 사화과학 연구에서 널리 이용되고 있는 SPSS 12.0 for Windows를 활용하여 분석하였다.
본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 노인의 개인적 특성에 따른 참여 정도에 대한 차이 분석한 결과는 다음과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 먼저 성별을 보면, 건강스포츠 활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동에서 남자노인이 여자노인보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 연령의 경우, 건강스포츠 활동, 봉사종교활동, 관람감상활동에서 연령에 대해서는 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 건강상태의 경우, 건강스포츠 활동, 오락사교활동, 봉사종교활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동, 전체여가참여정도 등에서 건강상태에 따른 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 병원방문횟수의 경우, 건강스포츠 활동, 오락사교활동, 봉사종교활동, 전체여가참여정도 등에서 병원방문횟수에 대한 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 교육수준의 경우, 건강스포츠활동, 오락사교활동, 봉사종교활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동, 전체여가참여정도 등에서 교육수준에 따른 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 거주형태의 경우, 건강스포츠활동, 오락사교활동, 봉사종교활동, 취미교양활동 등에서 거주형태에 대해서 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 용돈수준의 경우, 건강스포츠활동, 오락사교활동, 봉사종교활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동, 전체여가참여정도 등에서 용돈수준에 따른 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 생활비 마련형태의 경우, 건강스포츠활동, 오락사교활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동, 전체여가참여정도 등에서 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 생활비수준의 경우, 건강스포츠활동, 오락사교활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동, 전체여가참여정도 등에서 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 결혼상태의 경우, 오락사교활동, 봉사종교활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동 등에서 결혼 상태에 따른 통계적 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 여가활동 참여기간의 경우, 건강스포츠활동, 오락사교활동, 봉사종교활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동 등에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.
둘째, 개인 특성별 심리적 특성차이를 살펴보면 대인관계와 고독감에 있어서 성별에 대한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 나이, 건강상태, 병원방문횟수, 교육수준, 거주형태, 용돈수준, 생활비 마련형태, 생활비 수준별, 결혼여부, 여가활동 참여기간에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인지된 자유감에 있어서는 성별, 병원방문횟수에 따르는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 나이, 건강상태, 교육수준, 거주형태, 용돈수준, 생활비 마련형태, 생활비 수준별, 결혼여부, 여가활동 참여기간에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
셋째, 개인적 특성별 생활만족도 차이분석은 성별에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 나이, 건강상태, 병원방문횟수, 교육수준, 거주형태, 용돈수준, 생활비 마련형태, 생활비 수준별, 결혼여부, 여가활동 참여기간에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
넷째, 여가 활동 참여 유형별 참여정도에 대해 생활만족도 차이를 분석한 결과, 먼저 건강스포츠 활동, 오락사교활동, 봉사종교활동, 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동, 전체여가참여도의 참여정도에 따라 생활만족도에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.
다섯째, 여가활동 유형별 참여 정도에 따른 심리적 특성(대인관계, 고독감, 인지된 자유감) 차이를 보면 우선 건강스포츠활동의 경우, 건강스포츠활동의 참여정도에 따라 대인관계, 고독감, 인지된 자유감에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 오락사교활동의 경우, 오락사교활동의 참여정도에 따라 인지된 자유감에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 봉사종교활동의 경우, 봉사종교활동의 정도에 따라 대인관계에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 취미교양활동, 관람감상활동에서는 취미교양활동정도와 관람감상활동 정도에 따라 대인관계, 고독감, 인지된 자유감에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 그리고 전체여가활동참여정도에 따른 심리적 특성의 차이를 분석한 결과 대인관계, 고독감, 인지된 자유감에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.
여섯째, 심리적 특성(대인관계, 고독감, 인지된 자유감)에 대한 생활만족도의 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 우선 대인관계의 정도, 고독감의 정도, 인지된 자유감의 정도가 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다.
종합적으로 노인들의 개인적 특성에 따른 여가 활동 유형별 참여 정도에 있어서는 유의한 차이를 나타내는 특성이 다르게 나타났다. 한편 여가활동 참여정도에 따라 생활만족도에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 노인들의 심리적 특성인(대인관계, 고독감, 인지된 자유감)에 있어서도 여가활동 참여정도에 따라 생활만족도에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 인지된 자유감의 경우에 있어서는 여가활동 참여정도가 매우 높은 경우에 생활만족도를 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다.
따라서 노인들의 생활 만족도를 긍정적으로 이끌어내기 위해서는 종합사회복지관의 여가활동 유형을 다양화하여 참여정도를 높이는 것이 중요하다. 이를 토대로 노인들의 대인관계가 더욱 원활하게 발전할 수 있을 것이며, 고독감도 줄어 들 것이다. 또한 지속적인 여가활동 참여로 자신의 삶에 대한 긍정적인 시각을 가지게 함으로써 노인들의 생활만족도가 더욱 높아지게 될 것으로 예측된다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
The goal of this study is to remove the disassociation coming from the life of the old who participate in leisure activity and help in their psychological satisfaction and health improvement. However, most of them usually consider leisure activity as ...
The goal of this study is to remove the disassociation coming from the life of the old who participate in leisure activity and help in their psychological satisfaction and health improvement. However, most of them usually consider leisure activity as a burden without thinking it is a chance or means to improve the quality of life. It is because the concept of leisure for the old is fundamentally different from the one for the young who consider it as a goal for the means of reproduction and the recovery from fatigue of body and mind. Therefore, for the purpose of considering how sound leisure activities as methods for removing the social loneliness getting from their daily life and the disassociation within family influence on the satisfaction with life, we made the analysis standard in the view of the satisfaction with life according to the type and participation level of leisure activity for the old who participate in leisure activities at social welfare center, and classified Seoul into 5 areas at discretion and, researched and analyzed for the old(general old persons) who participate in leisure activities at general social welfare centers located at 4 Gus of Gangbuk areas including Seongbuk-gu, Dobong-gu, Nowon-gu and Gangbuk-gu in the east-northern area of Seoul in 2007. Question survey was used as a tool of research, and we researched and analyzed on the basis of the construction of 11 background contexts of the individual characteristics of the old including sex, age, healthy state, number of times of visiting hospital, educational level, residing type, personal expense level, type of making living expense, living expense level, marital status, period of participating in leisure activity, etc., the independent contexts of leisure activity types including ‘healthy sports activity type’, ‘recreational and social intercourse activity’, ‘service and religious activity’, ‘hobby and cultural activity’, ‘watching and appreciation activity’ and participation level by leisure activity type, etc., the media contexts of psychological characteristics including interpersonal relationship, loneliness, cognized sense of freedom, etc., and the subordination context of the satisfaction with life, etc.. As a result of analyzing reliability for using each estimating tool, the estimating tool of interpersonal relationship is Cronbach's Alpha =.935, the estimating tool of loneliness is Cronbach's Alpha =.928, the estimating tool of cognized sense of freedom is Cronbach's Alpha =.960, and the estimating tool of the satisfaction with life is Cronbach's Alpha =.817. Therefore, it was shown that the reliability of concept was very high with more than its critical value 0.6 by in all of its estimating tools them. Therefore, the results of analyzing the research data according to research goal in relation to the differences in the participation type and level of leisure activity, psychological characteristics, and satisfaction with life according to the personal characteristics of the old are as follows:
First, as the result of analyzing the difference in the participation type and level in leisure activity according to the personal characteristics of the old and considering the meaningful difference in the personal characteristics of the old including sex, age, healthy state, number of times of visiting hospital, educational level, residing type, personal expense level, type of making living expense, living expense level, marital status, period of participating in leisure activity, there were all significant differences in all participation types in leisure activity except for the case by sex and there were some differences in all variables in analyzing the difference of the participation level in leisure activity. Specially, considering the participation type according to educational level in relation to the participation type in leisure activity at general social welfare center, it was shown as healthy sports activity, recreational and social intercourse activity, service and religious activity, hobby and cultural activity, watching and appreciation activity, and healthy sports activity by educational level according to this was shown in the order of university graduate, high-school graduate, middle-graduate, elementary school graduate, no-education and the old of elementary school graduate and no-education showed higher participation rate in healthy sports activity. It means that the old with lower educational background usually perform leisure activity that can enjoy through direct participation rather than calligraphy, reading, computer education that can enjoy inside a room or the service activity for others, environmental and traffic service, social and family service. There wasn't any big difference by educational level in recreational and social intercourse activity, service and religious activity, hobby and cultural activity, watching and appreciation activity.
Second, considering the difference in psychological characteristic by personal characteristic, there wasn't any difference by sex in interpersonal relationship and loneliness, however, there was some significant difference in age, healthy state, number of times of visiting hospital, educational level, residing type, personal expense level, type of making living expense, living expense level, marital status, period of participating in leisure activity. Also, there wasn't any difference by sex and number of times of visiting hospital in cognized sense of freedom, however, there was some significant difference in age, healthy state, number of times of visiting hospital, educational level, residing type, personal expense level, type of making living expense, living expense level, marital status, period of participating in leisure activity.
Third, there wasn't any difference by sex in analyzing the difference the satisfaction with life by personal characteristic, however, as a result of conducting the inspection of the average difference in age, healthy state, number of times of visiting hospital, educational level, residing type, personal expense level, type of making living expense, living expense level, marital status, period of participating in leisure activity, there was some difference in all items including the past, present and future and its total satisfaction with life.
Fourth, as a result of analyzing the difference in the satisfaction with life according to all participation levels in leisure activity and conducting the inspection of the average difference in the satisfaction with life of each group after dividing into the low level group, middle level group, high level group in participation, there was significant difference in all items including the past, present and future and its total satisfaction with life, at 95% reliable level. Considering the difference by group according to this, it was shown that it influences in the order of low level group, middle level group, high level group, and it means that higher participation level in leisure activity makes higher satisfaction with life.
Fifth, as a result of conducting the inspection of average difference for considering the difference in the average of each group's psychological characteristic after dividing its participation level into low level group, middle level group and high level group for analyzing its total difference in psychological characteristic(interpersonal relationship, loneliness, cognized sense of freedom) according to the participation level in leisure activity, there was statistically significant difference in all items including interpersonal relationship, loneliness, cognized sense of freedom and its total satisfaction with life, at 95% reliable level. Considering the difference by group according to this, it was shown that it influences in the order of low level group in interpersonal relationship, middle level group, high level group and it means that higher participation level in leisure activity makes smoother level of interpersonal relationship. Next, considering the difference by group in loneliness, it was shown that it influences in the order of high, low level group and it means that participation level in leisure activity influences on loneliness in the fact that lower participation level makes more level of loneliness. Finally, considering the difference by group in cognized sense of freedom, it was shown that it influences in the order of low level, middle level group, high level group and it means that higher participation level in leisure activity practically recognizes cognized sense of freedom.
Sixth, considering the difference in the satisfaction with life according to psychological characteristic(interpersonal relationship, loneliness, cognized sense of freedom), at first, as a result of analyzing the difference in the satisfaction with life by interpersonal relationship and conducting the inspection of average difference of the satisfaction with life of each group, it was shown that there was significant difference in all items including the past, present and future and its total satisfaction with life, at 95% reliable level. Considering the difference by group, it was shown that it influences in the order of low level group, middle level group, high level group and it means that psychological characteristic influences on the satisfaction with life. Next, considering the difference by group according to loneliness, it was shown that it influences in the order of high level group, middle level group, low level group and it means that loneliness according to the participation level in leisure activity influences on the satisfaction with life. Finally, considering the difference by group in cognized sense of freedom, it was shown that it influences in the order of low level, middle level group, high level group and it means that cognized sense of freedom according to the participation level in leisure activity influences on the satisfaction with life. Considering the relationship with general characteristic by group according to psychological characteristics and the satisfaction with life, it was shown that it influences in the order of low level group, middle level group, high level group and it means that the old with higher participation level in leisure life has lower level loneliness and higher cognized sense of freedom and higher satisfaction with life.
Generally, there wasn't any big difference in the participation type and level according to the personal characteristics of the old. However, it was recognizable that higher participation level in leisure activity influences on the satisfaction with life. Also, in the interpersonal relationship, loneliness, cognized sense of freedom as the psychological characteristics of the old, it was shown that higher participation level in leisure activity makes higher satisfaction with life and, in case of cognized sense of freedom, it was shown that higher participation level in leisure activity makes higher satisfaction with life. Therefore, if we try to raise the participation level by diversifying leisure activity type at general social welfare center at first to draw the satisfaction with life of the old, the interpersonal relationship of the old will be more developed smoothly and their loneliness will be reduced. Furthermore, if we try to make them to have positive view of life through continuous participation in leisure activity, their satisfaction with life will be much higher.
목차 (Table of Contents)