住宅政策執行의 效果性에 관한 硏究 : 참여정부의 주택정책을 중심으로 = (A)study on the effectiveness of housing policy implementation : focused on the participatory government

국문 초록 (Abstract)

영문초록 : Since the Roh, Moo-Hyun administration (nicknamed as "Participatory Administration) launched, the administration has implemented a set of real-estate policies which is very unique compared with previous administration and powerful in terms of the degree of regulation. This dissertation aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the housing policy focused on the implementation aspect under the administration. The housing policies have several characteristics ; supply restriction of high price house especially in the south area of Seoul, high rate of possession tax, property tax, and transfer income tax. As the research framework, this study adopts the policy implementation model created by Mazmanian & Sabatier. The initial model assumes public policy includes not only rational and technical aspect, but also political realm, thus it is necessary to evaluate the both aspect for impartial and rigorous policy evaluation. Based on the Mazmanian & Sabatier's model, this study designes three categories of independent variables such as material variable, structural variable, and contextual variable. Material variables reflect the core intent of the policy. On the one hand, small and well-defined policy changes are easier to support, politically, and have a greater chance of success. On the other hand, significant and complex changes require less-focused regulations and allow implementing officials much greater discretion. Seven structural variables influence policy implementation: (1) clear and consistent objectives, (2) incorporation of an adequate causal theory, (3) hierarchical integration within and among implementing institutions, (4) decision rules of implementing agencies, (5) recruitment of implementing agencies, (6) access by outsiders, and (7) the initial allocation of financial resources. Beyond the material and structural aspect of policy implementation, a policy needs a periodic political boost to maintain its visibility and relevance in a changing socioeconomic climate. Policy objectives should not be undermined by the emergence of conflicting public policies. Further, a decline in the resources or the commitment of external stakeholders can enfeeble implementation. Intermediary organizations need the membership, resources, and expertise to position themselves as strong, legitimate, essential, and continuing participants in the policy implementation process. The model focuses on the "top-down" dimension of policy implementation, providing a framework to examine in considerable detail the material variables that contextualize the key policy parameters; the structural variables that influence its launch and adoption; and the contextual variables that provide, sustain, or diminish its implementation. Future use of this model will need to consider the impact of horizontality and bilateral obligations in this type of policy implementation. Regardless, the Policy Implementation Framework serves a number of purposes. It provides a means to clearly identify and analyze the leading independent variables and their impact on both the formation and implementation of policy, particularly where the focus is on the implementation of the policy rather than on policy processes. For empirical analysis utilizing the model, this dissertation conducts a survey analysis with self-administered questionnaires. The sample size is 1,500 and the respondents are policy stakeholders such public officials, experts related to the policy, and citizen groups in the arena. As the results of statistical analysis (descriptive, ANOVA, and multiple regression), this dissertation produces several findings discussed below. 1) Respondents evaluate the housing policy under the administration has been not so successful in several dimensions. 2) Some contextual variables significantly affect the effective policy implementation. 3) It is clear the material variables such as 'technical difficulties, diversity of target group behavior, target group as a percentage of population, and extent of behavior change required meaningfully affect the dependent variable. 4) The lack of coordination and cooperation between government agencies in charge of the housing policy such as the ministry of transportation and construction, national tax bureau, and even local governments has been serious problem of ineffective housing policies. It is not necessary to emphasize that housing policy significantly affect the life quality of people. But there is a pitfall that people are likely to believe that the policy is a product of rational and objective discourse. In some sense, there is no doubt that housing policy should be scientific and impartial. However, this study finds there is another aspect of the policy should be considered during the whole process of policy implementation. Government should be able to coordinate the interests of policy stakeholders and more market-oriented housing policies rather than regulation oriented policies. Based on those results of empirical analysis, this dissertation presents policy suggestions