This study set up chronology and dividing periods after conducting the analysis of the location and the structure, the production-related other facilities, the remains for 3rd~6th century earthenware kiln found in Honam region. It divided period I as ...
This study set up chronology and dividing periods after conducting the analysis of the location and the structure, the production-related other facilities, the remains for 3rd~6th century earthenware kiln found in Honam region. It divided period I as the first half of the 3rd century ~ the middle of the 4th century, period II as the latter half of the 4th century ~ the middle of the 6th century, and subdivided period II among these again as period II-1 and period II-2. Period II-1 comes under the latter half of the 4th century ~ the latter half of the 5th century, period II-2 comes under the latter half of the 5th century ~ the middle of the 6th century. This study grasped the changing aspects and the change factors of the kiln through this after examining the kiln characteristics of each dividing periods.
The earthenware kiln of period I put villages and the location in the same class, and was made for supplying into villages, and had small-scale production structure of less than 3 kilns. The whole scale is small, and a long oval and plane shape. If seeing the detailed plane shape, the kiln front part generally is a circle, where fuel burns is a inverted trapezoid and where baking earthenware is a long oval. The section structur is connected horizontally from the kiln front to where a fuel burns, and is connected with leaving only a gradient difference or forming a stair at the border of with where baking earthenware. Where baking earthenware has the slant of 10~20°, and is connected without stair, and arrives at a way which smoke goes out as the gradient grows bigger. Most baked earthenware excavated in a kiln are the vessels for daily life. The hardness is generally soft, and the pattern is generally plain and cross stripes.
Period II is the period which professional production groups for supplying to the neighborhoods as well as for supplying into villages appear and are generalized.
Period II-1 is the period which earthenware production groups appear, and most are located in the villages like period I, but in the case of Naju Ohryang-dong site, kilns of more than 5 kilns for mass production were ascertained in a group. The whole scale of the kilns chiefly is small and middle, and the kiln front part is a circle, where fuel burns is a inverted trapezoid and where baking earthenware is a long oval. The section shape is generally that a fule hole is located at the point going up a phase from kiln front, and the structure is connected to where baking earthenware horizontally from a fuel hole. where baking earthenware doesn’t have stair, and has a slant of 6~35°, and arrives at a way which smoke goes out after going up almost vertically. Gaebae(a lid, a bowl) was added as a new range in baked earthenware, and hard earthenware ratio is high and the most patterns are cross stripes.
Period II-2 was the period that the mass production by earthenware production groups was generalized, and villages and the location were separated, and kilns of more than 5 kilns are located on hills or slope of mountains in a group. The whole scale of the kilns is generally middle and large, and the plane shape is a oval and a long oval. The kiln front is the shape narrowing outside like an inverted triangle, a square and a circle, and where fuel burns is a inverted trapezoid and where baking earthenware is oval or long oval in the detailed plane shape. The section shape is generally the structure which is connected to a fuel hole from the kiln front horizontally, and is sometimes a vertical where fuel burns structure. Where baking earthenware border from where fuel burns is generally the structure being connected without a raised floor which fire goes up blowing violently. Where baking earthenware is generally the structure which has a slope of more than 20° and which has a stair. The where a fuel burns structure being left up to the ceiling was ascertained in Naju Daedong site. Baked earthenware is added the typical Baekje style remains like Gaebae(a lid, a bowl), bottles, Samjokgi(three-footed vessel) to the existing ranges. Hard earthenware is most of them and the pattern has lots of parallel line patterns.
We will examine the changes of the earthenware kiln centering around the range, the location, the structure and the remains. Earthenware kilns are being ascertained throughout Honam region, and if examining after dividing these in accordance with dividing periods, period I is ascertained in distribution because having the same location with villages, while Period II has a tendency to concentrate centering around Gwangju, Naju, Gochang and Iksan as the production groups separated from villages begin to form. The scale grows bigger gradually to large, medium from small, and the plane shape has oval newly as entering into period II though being most long oval in the kiln structure. Where fuel burns begins to have a vertical-raised floored structure though having generally a horizontal-raised floorless structure and a horizontal-raised floored structure in the section shape. Gradients of more than 20° grow a lot and changes into raised floored shape from raised floorless shape without the raised floor wall in where baking earthenware. Also, the flat state changes into a spherical shape or an inverted triangle from a circle in kiln front. The range is converted to Baekje style as entering into period II in baked earthenware, and the hardness grows harder and the pattern begins to have more parallel line patterns.
The reason which earthenware kilns change like this can be explained by stating the social changes being converted to native style → Baekje style, small amount production structure → mass production structure and earthenware production technology development.