현대 공포영화의 서사성 연구 : 타자성의 문제를 중심으로 = A Study on the Narrative of Contemporary Horror Films - Focused on the Otherness

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the otherness in narrative of horror films. An attempt was made to analyze the genre convention in narrative of Korean comtemporary horror films and to study the aspect for the identified world to regard individuals having different individualities as abnormal and otherize them and the aspect to re-organize the world through the communication with the other and to re-focus one's self.
The horror films are considered to bare the problem of the other as it narrates based on premises of "ghost" or "insanity" which is the object of exclusion by the reason-centered ideology of nationalism. The object of fear in horror films is individuals who are neglected or repressed and who are unable to adopt themselves to existing ideology and to be described through psychoanalysis or reason. Robin Wood prescribed 'the objects of surplus repression in the specific cultural conditions' becomes the objects of fear. And Rosemary Jackson prescribed that the objects becoming otherized as the concept of 'the evil' imply the ideological attitude of designating 'the difference' as 'the devil' in the book, Fantasy.
The reason-centered view of the identified world doesn't admit 'the difference' and individuals who are unable to adopt themselves to existing order are often neglected and repressed. When an individual insists his/her own originality and refuses to include himself in the identified social system, he/she becomes exposed to the violence of the identified world, namely 'repression' and 'exclusion' and fails to preserve him/herself. The society identifies an individual within an existing order in compensation for guaranteeing self preservation. When an individual abandons his/her 'normality' to be recognized and refuses to accept self-identification to the social system, the other of horror films is created. The exclusion toward unidentified individual violates one's characteristic and creates alienated and repressed the others. When the conflict between the existing order or ideology and an individual becomes deepened, the individual become charged with 'abnormality', and comes back as the object of fear and tries to overthrow and dissolve the identified world as a 'threatening other'.
The 'difference' in horror films is appeared in various way. The characteristic in films are hard to or refuse to assimilate to the existing order. They are 'psychics' or 'spirit seeing people' who are belong to the scientifically unexplained or unexamined area or they are 'the social weak' or 'social failure' who have no wealth and honor or they are "marginal men' who can' t assimilate to social norms or dominant ideologies. When their 'difference' are ignored and the 'abnormality' is granted to them, they crashes with the identified world. And when the conflict becomes deepened, they come back as the objects of fear such as 'lemures' or 'devilish homicides' and try to overthrow and dissolve the identified world as 'threatening other'.
Each 'lemure', 'devilish homicide' or 'psycho' are the object of fear appeared consistently in 'female ghost style narrative', 'western slasher film style narrative', or 'combined narrative of psychoanalysis disclosure and ghost style narrative'. Female ghosts described as 'threatening harmer or monster' in female ghost style narrative are the others who are (biological or social) females, the lower classes or marginal persons and are changed threatening harmers who are 'monsters as repressed others' through the death. At the point of view that the grudge of ghost is based on 'repression and exclusion due to difference', female ghost is an object of sympathy as well as object of fear. In the slasher film scenario borrowed western fear convention, the objects of fear are often described as 'psycho-homicides' and their reason to come back are off the center of narrative. However, in the films that acculturated the western horror convention and koreanized it, the object of fear has the characteristics that the subaltern granted with multiple elements of the other is changed to a devilish homicide. In the films that psychoanalysis discourse and ghost style narrative are combined, the substance of fear often proves to be the patient's 'insanity'. As the substance of fear is disclosed by psychoanalytic interventions, characters becomes the other as a symbol of the weak and they are isolated through confinement or death and identified to the existing order. On the other hand, myth of motherhood is the myth of female as the other that transmits male desire and women who deny myth of motherhood are described as 'humble monster who lost maternity and feel excessive sexual desire'. The emphasis on myth of motherhood is connected to the family ideology that shows an ideal family based on a patriarchal ideology. In the film, the patriarchal or maternity ideology is often overthrown or dissolved. Female ghost intentionally violates father or man centered repressive ideology. And devilish homicides or psychos become the other as intimidators or marginal men doubting actively the questing about the family or maternity ideology.
When the object of fear that otherized in various ways comes back, an individual belong to the identified world feels intimidated and tries to escape the fearful situation. As the horror film is related to the ideology, when the threatening other is punished and controlled, the other is considered to be identified and the existing ideology is considered to be strengthened. When the other is not controlled and returns to life as an intimidator, the world is considered to be collapsed. However, no matter how the movie ends, the movie shows consistently 'recognition of the other'. Everyday life of an individual is placed in danger by the return of the object of fear. The individual tries to grasp the substance of fear and he/she recognizes that he/she participated in neglecting and repressing the other as a member of the identified world. In this process, the individual reorganizes the world at the other's point of view and see him/herself with eyes of the other. And he/she reflects on his/her conduct and shows the willingness to be reconciled with the other. This is the meaning of horror film that this study wants to examine by analyzing the narrative of horror film focusing on the other.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 = 1
• (1) 연구 목적 = 1
• (2) 연구사 검토 = 3
• (3) 연구 방법 및 연구 대상 = 7
• 2. 현대 공포영화의 서사 구조 = 13
• (1) 한국 공포영화의 형성과 서사 구조의 확립 = 14
• (2) 여성원귀형 서사의 현대적 계승 = 20
• (3) 서구 공포 관습의 한국적 변용 = 24
• (4) 정신분석 담론과 귀신형 서사의 결합 = 29
• 3. 동일화된 세계와 개인의 비정상성 = 33
• (1) 동일화된 세계와 개인의 충돌 = 34
• (2) 차이의 배제와 비정상성의 부여 = 45
• 4. 개인의 타자화 양상 = 50
• (1) 타자로서의 여성 원귀 = 50
• (2) 사회적 약자의 살인마화 = 61
• (3) 정신분석의 개입과 타자의 동일화 = 68
• (4) 가족·모성 이데올로기 속의 타자 = 71
• 5. 타자에 대한 인식과 세계의 재조명 = 76
• (1) 공포의 해결과 타자에 대한 인식 = 76
• (2) 타자의 눈으로 재조명되는 세계 = 79
• 6. 결론 = 83
• ※ 참고문헌 = 86