Accident is a public health related matter that can occur regardless of age and gender, and specifically in case of children, as they are in a stage where knowledge and measures-taking ability on safety are deficient and recognition ability is not suf...
Accident is a public health related matter that can occur regardless of age and gender, and specifically in case of children, as they are in a stage where knowledge and measures-taking ability on safety are deficient and recognition ability is not sufficiently developed, the rates of injury or death are high. Particularly in case of grade schoolers of higher grades, though they may acquire more knowledge on safety through education, accident occurrence does not show any tendency of reduction in practice since accident risk behaviors increase as well. Therefore, this research purported to analyze the levels of recreation/sports accident risk behaviors which are increasing recently, and provide base data to prevent recreation/sports accidents in the future by clarifying human oriented factors that affect recreation/sports accident risk behaviors, based on safety education experiences
To that end, questionnaire survey was performed on 689 students from 24 classes of 5th and 6th grades of 4 elementary schools in Seoul region, and the following results were obtained.
1. The ratio of students with recreation/sports accident experience for the last one year, 56.4%, occupied over half, and over half those students experienced more than twice. In addition, it was shown that while 61.6% replied that the accidents were only minor ones which required them simple first-aid, 29.6%were hospitalized for treatment. As for accident cause factors, accidents by wheeled carriers, 33.5%, took up the highest ratio, followed by recreation facility, 17.4% and accidents during ball game, 16.5%.
2. As for safety education experience frequency in school, once or twice per semester was of the highest ratio, and frequency of over once or twice a week was shown very low. Though 51.5% of the safety educations in school were conducted during regular curriculum class hours, half of them were dependent on outside lecturers. Among the safety education contents, fire safety(75.5%) and transportation safety(74.0%) were higher by far, but the education amounts in the rest sectors were relatively very low. As for education conducting methods, visual audio educations were the most, with safety related events marking 32.8%, however test/practicing education(13.2%) or experience based education(3.8%) were shown relatively low.
3. As for the frequency of safety education the research subjects experienced in their home, the answer of 'a few', 50.3%, was the most, when that of 'little' or 'none', 17.7%, was shown high as well, of which educations were administered mostly by their parents(86.8%). The contents covered most were transportation safety, 71.9%, which was shown high by far, but by and large most of the sectors were covered evenly. As for the safety education experienced at places other than school or home, the answer of 'a few' was the most, and students that answered 'none' also were as high as 13.9%.
4. Over half the research subjects recognized the necessity of safety education, and about 90% are practicing what they learned, but the ratio of students that answered they were practicing only some of what they learned, 40.9%, was shown highest.
5. For a look into the category of the risk behavior of the research subjects, wheeled-carrier related risk behavior average points were the highest. Among the sub-behavior practices related to wheeled carriers, the points of crossing pedestrian crossings while riding instruments were the highest, and the points that followed were the behavior of riding bicycle while grabbing the handle with only one hand or while not grabbing the handle, and the behavior of going up and down the stairs while riding inline skate. Among recreation facility related risk behaviors, the points for the behavior practices going up the slide directly upon it instead of going up though the stairs when climbing playground slide, and the next highest is jumping out from a moving swing. In addition, the behavior of running around in swimming pool and that of enjoying the amusement not considering their own physical strength level were shown high points.
6. When looking into the risk behavior level by the demographic characteristics of the research subject, students of higher grade(p<0.01) and girls than boys(p<0.001) were shown higher risk behavior levels.
7. To look into the risk behavior level by the psychological characteristics of the research subjects, risk behavior levels were different depending on characteristics: risk behavior levels were high among students not cautious(p<0.05), distractive(p<0.001), independent(p<0.001), contentious(p<0.01), venturesome(p<0.001) and frustration-driven(p<0.001). As for the levels of risk behavior level as to the relations with people around, while the worse the family relations are, the higher the risk behavior levels are(p<0.05), the better the friend relations are, the higher the risk behavior level becomes(p<0.05). Also the lower the interest in safety, the higher risk behavior level become(p<0.05), and the results were statistically significant only on the friends' interest in safety(p<0.05) and the student's own interest in safety(p<0.001).
8. As for the risk behavior level by the safety education of the research subject, the groups that constantly experienced safety education have shown lower risk behavior level compared to those that experienced irregularly, however it was not statistically significant. The higher safety education necessity recognitions were(p<0.001) and the higher the ratio of practicing the safety education contents(p<0.001), the lower the risk behavior levels were.
9. The cases with safety educations in school over once a week have shown lower risk behavior level compared to those with safety educations once a year, but it was statistically significant only for the safety education related experiences(p<0.05).
10. The human related characteristics that affect risk behaviors were shown to be the ratio of practicing the safety education contents, gender, the subject's own interest in safety, friend relations, grade and family relations. In other words, accidents risk behavior levels were higher with lower ratio of practicing the safety education contents(p<0.001), boys than girls(p<0.001), lower subject's own interest in safety(p<0.01), better friend relations(p<0.01), higher grade(p<0.01) and worse family relations(p<0.05).
11. As for the correlations between risk behavior and accident occurrence, risk behavior levels were higher among cases with accident experience than those with none, and it was statistically significant in all sectors(p<0.01).