아동의 스포츠 활동 참여가 체력과 신체적 자기개념 및 자아탄력성에 미치는 영향 = (The) effects children's sports participation give to physical strength, physical self-concept and ego-resiliency

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Abstract)

This study is designed to evaluate what effects children's sports activity give to physical fitness, physical self-concept and ego-resiliency. The subjects were 73 male and 82 female children at the age of 9, male 99 and 86 female at age 10, and 93 male and 99 female at age 11. Data process used by SPSS ver. 14.0 was done for frequency, technology and reliability analyses of the test sheet and also factor analysis for the feasibility study of test sheet. Three-way ANOVA was conducted for sex, age, physical fitness by attending level, period, frequency, amount of time, physical self-concept, and ego-resiliency, and interrelation effect is conducted by t-test and one-way ANOVA, findings are as follows from the multiple regression analysis for participating level to evaluate the effects to physical fitness, physical self-concept and ego-resiliency.
First, male groups and 11-year-old group showed the higher scores in grip strength, sit-up, and standing long jump, while active group showed high scores in sit-up and standing long jump. In 10m shuttle run, female group of active sports activity between 10-year-old and 11-year-old showed the greatest results, while female group of 10- and 11-year-old showed the highest scores in trunk flexion forward. And active and non-participating group showed relatively better records in long run.
In terms of physical self-concept, sports competence of the active group showed sex difference according to the age, while that of non-participating group showed smaller difference. In perception of appearance, active group is getting smaller by age, but showed the highest in all age groups.
In health, female group of 9 showed the highest perception, while crossover phenomena started to exist from the group of 10, and higher perception in the group of 11. Gender gap of physical activity showed considerable in 11-year-old of both non-participating group and passive group, while 11-year-old female active group showed great results because of no gender gap in active group. Self-respect of 9- and 10-year-old was higher than that of 11, and flexibility was remarkable in groups of active, 12-year-old, and female respectively. Endurance was high in active participating group and 10-year-old, while strength and overall traits in active group showed higher than those of non-participating.
In terms of difference of ego-resiliency, personal relations of female group was higher among non-participating group, while no gender gap was shown in passive and active groups. viability in female group showed high, but one in female group decreased rapidly as age is higher. Among non-participating group, emotional control was shown higher in female group, while male group among passive and active groups showed high. Curiosity in passive and active groups is getting smaller according to the age, while that of non-participating showed bigger, and optimism of active group was higher than that of passive group which was higher than that of non-participating group.
Secondly, physical fitness, physical self-concept, and ego-resiliency based on period, amount of time, frequency were analyzed according to the level of participation, the items that showed difference, and from the analysis of results which level of participation was divided into period, frequency and amount of time. Scores In sit-up and standing long jump, group of 1-year-old showed higher, and particularly in sit-up, group of less than 30 minutes showed the similar record as the group of more than 1 hour when it attended three days per week.
In terms of physical self-concept, perception of competence was high in group of three days as the duration, and perception of physical viability was shown higher by participating period and its frequency when group attending more than 3 days per week continued for more than one year. perception of flexibility was high for more than 3-day participation, and in case of 3-day attendance, perception of endurance in more than one-year was lower comparing to that of less than one year, while attendance of more than three days showed higher level from the crossover phenomena. And perception of overall body was shown in group of more than one year attendance.
Ego-resiliency in personal relations was shown high in a group of more than one year's participating and 3 days per week group, and viability in a group participating more than 3 days per week was shown high in 30-minute attendance, while relatively low in 30-60 minute attendance, but more than one hour attendance showed high again characterized by crossover phenomena. Emotional control was shown high in attendance group of 3-day and one-hour, and curiosity was shown remarkable during 30-minute attendance by less-than-3-day group compared to more-than-3-day group, while crossover phenomena existed during one-hour attendance. And optimism was high in group of more-than-3-day attendance.
From the multiple regression analysis conducted to evaluate the effects to physical fitness by gender and age, physical self-concept, and ego-resiliency through attendance level divided into period, frequency and amount of time, physical fitness is subject to frequency of attendance. Among male groups, group of each 9, 10 and 11 are all affected, while group of 9 was only affected among female groups.
Physical self-concept was affected by period, amount of time and frequency, but period affected male group of 9 and 10 and female group of 9 and 11. But amount of time affected mael group of 11 and female group of 11, while frequency affected male group of 10 and 11.
Ego-resiliency was affected by amount of time and frequency. Amount of time affected male group of 11 and female group of 9, while attendance frequency affected male group of 9 and 10, and female group of 10 and 11.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• (Abstract)
• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 5
• 3. 연구 가설 6
• 4. 용어의 정의 7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 10
• 1. 아동의 스포츠 참여 10
• 2. 체력 18
• 3. 신체적 자기개념 22
• 4. 자아탄력성 28
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 34
• 1. 연구대상 34
• 2. 측정 및 검사도구 35
• 3. 자료분석 43
• Ⅳ. 결 과 44
• 1. 성, 연령, 참여수준별 체력, 신체적 자기개념, 자아탄력성 44
• 2. 아동의 스포츠 참여정도에 따른 체력, 신체적 자기개념, 자아탄력성 78
• 3. 아동의 스포츠 참여가 체력, 신체적 자기개념, 자아탄력성에 미치는 영향 100
• Ⅵ. 논의 107
• Ⅶ. 결 론 120
• 참고문헌 123
• 부 록 : 검사지 135