경판 방각소설의 대중성과 사회의식 연구 = A Study on the Popularity and Social consciousness in Seoul Block Printed Novels

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis inquires into the popularity and social consciousness of Seoul Block Printed Novels in late Chosun dynasty. It studies <Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeonw(鄭秀貞傳)><Jang-Hwa-Hong-Yeon-Jeon(薔花紅蓮傳)><Hong-Gil-Dong-Jeon(洪吉童傳)><Sim-Cheong-Jeon(沈淸傳)><Suk-Young-Nang-Ja-Jein(淑英娘子傳)><Suk-Hyang-Jeon(淑香傳)><Im-Jang-Gun-Jeon(林將軍傳)><Chun-Hyang-Jeon(春香傳)>.The Woodblock Printed Novels was printed based on manuscript. It intends to compare Seoul Block Printed Novels with manuscriptal Novels and explore its aspect of popularity. Seoul Block Printed Novels was a product of popular culture that was produced by Seoulite's own will and demand, and it is necessary to consider both the trend of transitional period from the medieval to the modern and the sociology of literature such as the publication, circulation and consumption. This study discusses the Seoul Block Printed Novels‘s background of popularity, its procedure and the social consciousness and examines its meaning in the history of novel. This can be summarized as follows.

The social background of Seoul Block Printed Novels was the rise of Seoul citizen and the development of city culture in Seoul in late Chosun dynasty. Seoul was transformed into a commercial town, and it accelerated aristocracy to be citizen and vice versa, which expanded the number of citizen. Seoul citizen's main sphere of activity was the market, and Gang-Dok-Sa(講讀師), Jeon-Gi-Su(傳奇叟), Se-Chaek-Jeom(貰冊店) formed the city culture. The Woodblock Printed Book was first printed in Seoul, and the growth of publishing expanded the readers of novel. These also became major background of the emergence of Seoul Block Printed Novels Publishers chose the work among manuscriptal Novels that could secure as many readers as possible for their commercial success. It made narration fixed and standardized. Again, they chose best sellers, made them short, and reprinted.

Seoul Block Printed Novels‘s aspect of popularity can be divided into the next four parts.
First, Seoul Block Printed Novels was popularized with its androcentric perspective strengthened. Compared with manuscript of <Jang-Hwa -Hong-Yeon-Jeon(薔花紅蓮傳)>, <Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeonw(鄭秀貞傳)>, <Sim
-Cheong-Jeon(沈淸傳)>, the role of patriarch in Seoul Block Printed Novels was emphasized and the authority was restored. In addition, Seoul Block Printed of <Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeonw(鄭秀貞傳)><Hong-Gil-
Dong-Jeon(洪吉童傳)> highlighted the violence from Story of War, which can be regarded as the strengthening of adnrocentric perspective. Second, Seoul Block Printed Novels was popularized in the direction of emphasizing the Confucianism and the ruling system. Filiam piety was stressed in <Sim-Cheong-Jeon(沈淸傳)><Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeonw(鄭秀貞傳)><Suk-Young-Nang-Ja-Jein(淑英娘子傳)> and virtue of woman in <Suk-Young-Nang-Ja-Jein(淑英娘子傳)><Im-Jang-Gun-Jeon(林將軍傳)>and
friendship in <Jang-Hwa-Hong-Yeon-Jeon(薔花紅蓮傳)>, which aimed at the strengthening of familism. The hero's loyalty was also given salience in <Sim-Cheong-Jeon(沈淸傳)><Hong-Gil-Dong-Jeon(洪吉童傳)> and it intended to preserve the social system by reinforcing national ethics. Third, Seoul Block Printed Novels was popularized by strengthening the intervention of transcendental order and role. The Story of Taoist Hermit was formed in Seoul Block Printed of <Suk-Young-Nang-Ja-Jein(淑英娘子傳)><Sim-Cheong-Jeon(沈淸傳)><Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeonw(鄭秀貞傳)>, and the Story of Taoist Hermit plays a role in leading the predeterminate ending. The Story of reincarnation was formed in Seoul Block Printed of <Jang-Hwa-Hong-Yeon-Jeon(薔花紅蓮傳)>, and this leads to the completed ending. Fourth, a character's course of action is transformed and convert to be tyoical in Seoul Block Printed Novels. it convert to be typical in the image of aristocratic hero in <Hong-Gil-Dong-Jeon(洪吉童傳)>, and it is created as Ki-Nyeo(妓女), overcoming the social status actively in and <Suk-Hyang-Jeon(淑香傳)>.

Seoul Block Printed Novels‘s mass characteristics can be summarized largely as popularity, conservatism, illusionism, and aestheticism. First, Seoul Block Printed Novels’s critical awareness was weakened and emotional scene was raised, which had much to do with popularity. <Jang-Hwa-Hong-Yeon-Jeon(薔花紅蓮傳)><Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeonw(鄭秀貞傳)> were popularized and their own critical awareness was weakened. <Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeonw(鄭秀貞傳)> and <Hong-Gil-Dong-Jeon(洪吉童傳)> focused on Story of War and was popularized. Second, Seoul Block Printed of <Sim-Cheong-Jeon(沈淸傳)><Jang-Hwa-Hong-Yeon-Jeon(薔花紅蓮傳)><Suk-Young-Nang-Ja-Jein(淑英娘子傳)><Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeon(鄭秀貞傳)><Im-Jang-Gun-Jeon(林將軍傳)><Hong-Gil-Dong-Jeon(洪吉童傳)> emphasized the idealistic ethics. supported the ruling system, revealing the conservatism in medieval times. Third, the intervention of transcendental order in <Suk-Hyang-Jeon(淑香傳)><Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeon
(鄭秀貞傳)><Sim-Cheong-Jeon(沈淸傳)><Jang-Hwa-Hong-Yeon-Jeon(薔花紅蓮傳)> evolved the organic narration and showed illusionism by emphasizing the subject of realizing a desire. Fourth, the character is typical in the Seoul Block Printed of <Hong-Gil-Dong-Jeon(洪吉童傳)><Chun-Hyang-Jeon(春香傳)><Suk-Hyang-Jeon(淑香傳)> and this is related to the aestheticism by creating an ideal model that readers prefer.

The social awareness contained in Seoul Block Printed Novels can be divided into the following four parts. First, readers' social awareness was getting degenerated, in that its critical awareness was weakened and Story of War was expanded although Seoul Block Printed Novels was popularized to male readers and the popular literature was expanded. Second, the confucian ethics raised in Seoul Block Printed Novels was recognized as a practical ethics necessary to both aristocracy and citizen in the transitional period from the medieval to the modern, and it represented the awareness of solidarity that integrate the social stratum and class. Third, Seoul Block Printed Novels added development of the narration and the inevitability to ordeal in real world through the intervention of transcendental order and represented the development of logical thinking and the affirmation awareness of reality. Fourth, Seoul Block Printed Novels recognized the issue of status system and expressed the discontent with conflict and resistance, but was eventually incorporated into the ruling system, which reveals the contradicted awareness of status system in late Chosun dynasty.

Seoul Block Printed Novels was generally accepted to the masses and the mass literature was extended. the existing Seoul Block Printed Novels were mostly published in printed books. Yukjeon Novels(六錢小說) published by Sinmungwan(新文館) in Seoul were all based on Seoul Block Printed. Sinmungwan(新文館) Printed Yukjeon Novels(六錢小說) was spreaded to the readers at the cheap price of Yukjeon(六錢) and it has something in common with Seoul Block Printed Novels in that it shows the expansion of mass literature. Korean Classic Novels and Sin-So-Seol(新小說) were coexisted in the 20th century, and the popularity seen in Seoul Block Printed Novels also appears in Sin-So-Seol(新小說). There are many Sin-So-Seol(新小說) that resembles of the Heroic Novels(英雄小說), and <Hong-do-hwa(紅桃花)><Wol-Ha- Ga-In(月下佳人)>, <Gu-Ui-San九疑山> highlighted the blood purity and the patriarch, which is similar to Seoul Block Printed Novels‘s popularity. This is remarkable in Yi hae-jo’s(李海朝) work that adapted Korean Classic Novels.

The number of existing Seoul Block Printed Novels is over fifty. Thus, it is insufficient to discuss only eight works of <Jeong-Su-Jeong-Jeonw(鄭秀貞傳)><Jang-Hwa-Hong-Yeon-Jeon(薔花紅蓮傳)><Hong-Gil-Dong-
Jeon(洪吉童傳)><Sim-Cheong-Jeon(沈淸傳)><Suk-Young-Nang-Ja-Jein(淑英娘子傳)><Suk-Hyang-Jeon(淑香傳)><Im-Jang-Gun-Jeon(林將軍傳)><Chun-Hyang-Jeon(春香傳)>. If more works are analyzed, other aspects of popularity may be revealed. A new study is expected to complete the weakness of this thesis and expand the discussion.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1.선행 연구와 연구 목적 1
• 2. 연구 대상과 연구 방법 10
• Ⅱ. 경판 방각소설의 대중화 배경과 과정 18
• 1. 경판 방각소설의 대중화 배경 18
• 1) 시민의 성장과 시정 문화의 발달 18
• 2) 출판업의 발달과 소설 향유층의 확대 31
• 2. 경판 방각소설의 대중화 과정 37
• 1) 소설의 출판과 서사의 고정 38
• 2) 출판의 반복과 서술의 축약 44
• Ⅲ. 경판 방각소설의 대중화 양상 59
• 1. 남성 중심적 서술 시각의 강화 59
• 1) 가부장의 역할 강화와 권위의 회복 60
• 2) 군담을 통한 폭력적 장면의 확대 75
• 2. 유교 이념의 강화와 지배 질서의 수호 83
• 1) 가족 윤리의 강화와 가족주의 지향 84
• 2) 국가 윤리의 강화와 체제유지 지향 97
• 3. 초경험적 질서의 개입과 그 역할의 강화 102
• 1) 적강담의 형성과 예정된 결말의 유도 103
• 2) 환생담의 형성과 완결된 결말의 유도 112
• 4. 행동 방식의 변모와 인물의 전형화 116
• 1) 귀족적 영웅의 형상화 116
• 2) 기녀의 등장과 그 신분의 극복 122
• Ⅳ. 경판 방각소설의 대중적 성격 131
• 1. 문제의식의 약화와 선정적 장면 부각의 통속성 132
• 2. 관념론적 도덕의 강화와 중세 지향적 보수성 140
• 3. 서사의 유기적 전개와 욕망 실현의 환상성 143
• 4. 이상적 인물형의 창조와 독자 지향적 심미성 147
• Ⅴ. 경판 방각소설의 대중성에 내포된 사회의식 154
• 1. 서민 문학의 확대와 독자층의 의식 변화 155
• 2. 실천 윤리를 통한 계층 화합적 연대 의식 158
• 3. 논리적 사고의 성장과 현실 긍정 의식 161
• 4. 봉건 지배 질서에 대한 모순된 인식 164
• Ⅵ. 경판 방각소설 대중성의 소설사적 의의 169
• Ⅶ. 결론 180
• * 참고문헌 187
• * 영문초록 196