Globalization has been preceded due to the progress in Information Technology and the changes in political and economic structure. Globalization expands various kinds of cultural exchange as well as any material and human resources between nations, wh...
Globalization has been preceded due to the progress in Information Technology and the changes in political and economic structure. Globalization expands various kinds of cultural exchange as well as any material and human resources between nations, which mean that the whole world becomes one unity -a global village- regardless of time and place. The physical boundaries between nations or local areas got weakened by globalization, and it became easier to be exposed to other races, nations and cultures based on the different local background. However, it also has a negative effect which standardizes the living culture maintained distinctively based on the nations or local areas. Therefore, it is important to preserve each of different cultures and diversity in these days. Korea society, which has been maintained as a racially homogeneous nation, becomes more multicultural community including diverse races and cultures because of those populations who are foreign immigrant employees, women immigrants married in farming and fishing villages, and people escaped from North Korea. These situations show that the multicultural education needs to be fulfilled to accept and understand those people, who will form a non-negligible population in the future. Therefore, I focus on the youth groups especially, who face the difficulties with maladjustment to the social environment among those people escaped from North Korea, who has an explosive increase due to the South-North Korean summit talks in 2000 and the long-term depression in North Korea. It is highly effective to utilize art to understand the multicultural community and adapt into it since those members in the present society organize knowledge by interacting with a number of visual images, not just their own languages. Thus, it is the primary objective that is to develop the model of art education program for the domestic youth escaped from North Korea.
The characteristics of the general youth group and those escaped from North Korea are considered, and then the transition process to multicultural society and the concepts and meaning of multicultural art education are examined. In addition, the social adaptation steps for the youth group escaped from North Korea, overall present status, and the caused problems are also studied. In next chapter, there are case studies, which are ‘Writing an illustration-story book in the native language and English’ by Rachel Mason and ‘Postcard-Home’ project by Whitechapel Art Gallery in England where experienced collision between multi-cultures and multi-races and tried to solve with several programs. It also includes the analysis of domestic case studies of on-going cultural art education programs for the youth group escaped from North Korea by hanawon, 34school, gongneung), in2museum. Those issues acquired by these analyses are as following; first, the request from a subject should be exactly defined. Second, the aims should be set up specifically for each subject. Third, the topic which is related to those subjects directly and includes social issues should be selected. Forth, education in language should be combined. Fifth, the programs should be improved by evaluation and continuous after-action plan should be organized. Based on these issues, the model of art education programs for the youth group escaped from North Korea are organized in 5 steps, and the contents are as following;
Step 1: Define the degree and request of social adaptation for the youth group escaped from North Korea
Step 2: Set up the goals understand society and culture
Step 3: Selection of the socially feasible topic and the ways of expression
Step 4: Execution of art expression activities (with education in appreciation of contemporary art including social trends and language)
Step 5: Evaluation and After-action plan
This kind of model will be utilized as the program which helps the domestic youth group escaped from North Korea realize the arts as a tool for social adaptation and understanding cultures, not just for pursuing the beauty, accept their own experience and inherent cultures, and understand Korean cultures. The result of this study is the model of what steps of art education program for social adaptation in multicultural society should be taken. Therefore, it should be followed by development of the actual programs, and the effect and evaluation should be examined.