고등학생의 진로탐색효능감이 진로발달에 미치는 영향 = Impact of Career Exploration Efficacy on Career Development in High Schoolers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Career education is an organized and systematic education program that aims at teaching every student to be aware of their own possible options related to career choice, make a career exploration, map out objective and rational career plans and make a careful preparation for the future. That is the key of well-rounded education that should be pursued by education sector.
The purpose of this study was to examine a pervasive trend in the career exploration efficacy, career preparatory behavior, career undecided- ness level and career identity of high schoolers and whether they were different in career exploration efficacy and career development level according to background variables involving gender, career counseling experience, the type of school, and the time for receiving career counseling.
The subjects in this study were 580 juniors and seniors in academic and vocational high schools that were selected by random sampling from Seoul. Self-administered questionnaires were used. After a survey was conducted in person or by teachers in charge of career education for 10 days between October 22 and 31, 2007, the answer sheets from 467 students were analyzed.
The reliability of the instruments used in this study was tested, and statistical data on frequency, mean and standard deviation were acquired to check into a general trend. ANOVA and Duncan test, a post-hoc analysis, were utilized to see if their background variables made any differences, and correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were implemented to find out the influence of the variables. SPSS 12.0 program was used to make all the analyses.
The major findings of the study were as follows:
First, the students who had ever received career counseling in elementary school excelled the others who hadn't in career exploration efficacy and career development. Career education should be provided to every students from the upper grades of elementary school, and they should keep receiving that education as part of lifelong education in addition to academic education in secondary school, college and even in adulthood according to their developmental stage. The focus of elementary career education should be placed on career awareness, and middle school should center around career exploration. High school should focus on career preparation, and college should concentrate on career specialization. Thorough vocational education should be conducted in consideration of the above-mentioned stages of career education, and students should take that education from elementary school as one of systematic and regular programs.
Second, as for career preparatory behavior by the kind of school, the academic high school students made a better preparation than the vocational high school students. As they prepared for the future in a different manner according to the kind of school, separate career guidance programs should be developed.
Career education should be conducted by applying organized and systematic programs and in every part of the curriculum. Career education programs should be comprehensive of self-understanding, self- exploration, the changing business world, different sorts of occupations, how to be ready for getting a job, information on college admission and employment, work ethics, work values, worth of work, what a successful worker should be like, the meaning of life and self-realization. To make career education take root, all the staff should join forces in fortifying career guidance. Every teacher including those in charge of career guidance should have a profound understanding of career education, extensive relevant knowledge and knowhow. And every student should be helped to make satisfactory career plans and carry them out.
Third, one of the top priorities is providing training for teachers to be responsible for career counseling and guidance, and a supply of teachers is one of the major tasks that should be performed as well. The current education system didn't allow homeroom teachers and teachers in charge of academic education to offer separate career guidance. They weren't qualified for that nor find time to do that. Therefore career guidance should be provided as one of regular courses, or qualified instructors should be nurtured and supplied.
This study was meaningful in that it made it clear that the career exploration efficacy of high schoolers had a positive impact on their own career development including career preparatory behavior, career decision level, career identity and career adjustment. It's also confirmed that the students who had been exposed to career counseling form elementary school made the best career development. Accordingly, the importance of early career guidance should be recognized, and career education should be more reinforced.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구문제 = 5
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 6
• Ⅱ. 선행연구 고찰 및 이론적 배경 = 8
• 1. 진로탐색 효능감 = 8
• 2. 진로발달 = 15
• 1) 진로준비행동 = 19
• 2) 진로미결정수준 = 22
• 3) 진로정체감 = 25
• 4) 진로적응성 = 27
• 3. 고등학생의 진로탐색효능감과 진로발달 = 28
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 32
• 1. 연구대상 및 표집 = 32
• 2. 측정도구 = 32
• 3. 자료분석 = 36
• Ⅳ. 연구 분석결과 = 37
• 1. 조사대상자의 인구통계학적 특성 = 37
• 2. 조사대상자의 일반적인 특성 = 38
• 3. 변인의 일반적 경향성 = 39
• 4. 변인간 상관분석 = 40
• 5. 배경변인에 따른 진로탐색효능감, 진로발달의 차이 = 41
• 6. 진로탐색효능감이 진로발달에 미치는 영향관계 = 49
• Ⅴ. 요약 및 논의 = 52
• 1. 요약 및 결론 = 52
• 2. 논의 = 55
• 3. 제언 = 57
• 참고문헌 = 59
• ABSTRACT = 65
• 설문지 = 68
• 부록 = 74