무인헬기기반 영상정보취득체계에 의한 홍수재해 분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Due to the severe green-house effect and abnormal weather, natural disasters like typhoons and torrential rainfall have occurred each year, and their damages have grown bigger. A timely and quick acquisition of damage-related information and observation techniques is needed to cope with such disasters and establish effective solutions and schemes.
Recently, the spatial imagery information from GIS become a matter of extreme significance, with the development of various sensors to acquire topographical information and the improvement of computing-techniques to make them capable of dealing with mass spatial data. In addition, extensive studies continue to be conducted on application fields of spatial imagery acquired from various platforms: the unmanned helicopter, the model plane, and the airship.
A low-altitude photogrammetric system has more accurate observation capabilities and less restricted data acquisition times than the traditional photogrammetric sensing system. Especially, with the improving safety, durability, and portability of the unmanned RC-helicopter, it is highlighted as a built-in vehicle for close range photogrammetric application, because it can safely conduct observations at a close distance and provide effective flight performance.
In the past years, a low-altitude image acquisition system, mounted on a high-resolution optic device and an infrared camera that is integrated with GPS/INS, monitors frequent changes, particularly in urban areas, and enables speedy surveillance in disaster areas.
The purpose of this study is to determine and evaluate the applicability of low altitude photogrammetric UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) for flood damage investigation. Here, we try to develop a low altitude photogrammetric UAV based on unmanned helicopter, and then seek to improve its performance. Also, we developed low altitude image data processing techniques for other various applications dealing with acquired imagery.
The results of this study are summarized into four main categories:
First, the low altitude photogrammetric UAV based on the unmanned helicopter is developed and carried out to study performance improvements.
Second, the low altitude image data processing technique is developed to acquire timely damage information and estimate damage speedily and effectively through observation data. This study uses data processing methods to acquire low altitude images, as well as for data pre-processing, feature extraction, image matching, resampling, image registration, and, finally, image map generation. This study adopts a methodology for generating image map through the development of low cost and timesaving low-altitude photogrammetric UAV to collect high-resolution image data, and implement geo-referencing and image mosaicking techniques.
Third, this study suggests a methodology for data integration analysis based on GIS. We investigated data from flood damaged areas and estimated the magnitude of damage using the integration analysis system, which links the GIS technique to multi-source data, like high-resolution satellite imagery, low altitude imagery, video sequences, and digital maps.
Forth, for the evaluation and assessment of study results, we acquired spatial imagery data from real flood damaged areas and applied a developed data processing technique for extracting damage-related information.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구배경 및 필요성 1
• 2. 연구목적 3
• 3. 국내외 연구동향 5
• 4. 연구 범위와 방법 10
• Ⅱ. 다중해상 영상 자료처리 15
• 1. UAV 영상 자료에 의한 지형공간 정보 처리 15
• 1) UAV 관측시스템 15
• 2) 카메라 검정 18
• 3) 영상 전처리 및 기하보정 24
• 4) 영상등록 26
• 5) 영상지도 제작을 위한 영상 모자이크 37
• 2. 고해상 위성영상 자료에 의한 공간영상정보 처리 40
• 1) 고해상 위성관측시스템 종류 및 특성 40
• 2) 고해상 위성영상 자료처리 47
• 3. 다중해상 공간영상정보 자료통합 48
• 1) 다중해상 공간영상정보 통합기술 48
• 2) GIS 기반의 다중해상 공간영상정보 자료통합 50
• Ⅲ. 무인헬기 및 고해상 위성영상에 의한 자료 취득 57
• 1. 무인헬기 관측시스템 개발 57
• 1) 무인헬기 관측시스템 개요 57
• 2) 촬영시스템 개발 59
• 2. 무인헬기영상 자료 취득 66
• 3. 고해상 위성영상 자료 취득 67
• Ⅳ. 홍수재해 조사를 위한 영상자료 처리 분석 71
• 1. 카메라 검정 71
• 1) 카메라 검정을 위한 실험 71
• 2) 카메라 검정 결과분석 73
• 2. 무인헬기 영상자료 취득 및 처리 75
• 1) 무인헬기 영상자료 취득 75
• 2) 영상자료 전처리 결과분석 88
• 3) 영상등록 결과분석 90
• 4) 영상지도 제작 결과분석 102
• 3. GIS 기반 다중해상 공간영상정보 분석 121
• 1) 다중해상 영상등록 및 통합 121
• 2) 다중해상 영상자료를 이용한 공간정보 통합분석 126
• 4. 홍수재해 피해조사 적용 및 분석 133
• 1) 다중해상 영상자료를 이용한 피해조사 133
• 2) 무인헬기 영상자료에 의한 홍수 피해규모 분석 139
• Ⅴ. 결론 145
• 참 고 문 헌 149