Bowen의 자기분화와 Winnicott의 참자기의 유사성 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this research paper is to reconcile family and personal treatment methods by recognizing the similarities of Bowen’s theory of self-differentiation and Winnicott’s true-self theory.
Research was conducted as a textbook study and comparison carried out under the assumption that both theories presuppose the importance and effects of the environment.
Both Bowen and Winnicott’s concept of the self is that of becoming an independent individual. The most crucial element in developing a healthy self is a sufficiently good environment. A sufficiently good environment is defined as one which contains both Winnicott’s ‘good enough mother’ and Bowen’s idea of self-differentiation. The combination of Winnicott’s ‘good enough mother’ and Bowen’s self-differentiation requires the reception of sufficient affection while maintaining sufficient differentiation. This environment is transferred generationally.
Bowen’s theory and Winnicott’s theory take the form of living as “me” in a self-owning independence. Contrarily, to live for someone else is to live a adoptive conforming life of un-differentiation and a false-self.
This research examines the false-self syndrome and antisocial tendencies presented as symptoms by patients who lead un-differentiatied and false-self lives.
False-self syndrome is symptom presented by those leading un-differentiated and defensive persons. However, there is a difference between this and extreme symptoms like schizophrenia. These persons base their lives around the opinions and perceptions of others; they are as outwardly extravagant and intellectual as their peers but are filled inwardly with falsehood and despair.
Anti-social behavior is both a result of one’s environment and is an energetic expression of the search for one’s true-self.
With this research as a background, I analyzed the case of a middle-aged woman. By taking the patient’s reliance upon the perceptions and emotions of others and her symptoms of dissociative identity as evidence, it was possible to identify that the patient was leading a conforming life full of un-differentiation and false-selfhood. It was also possible to see that these symptoms were affected by the patient’s environment which lacked a ‘good enough mother’ and that the patient’s mother was also experiencing the same symptoms as the patient. It became evident that the rate of self-differentiation and the degree to which the patient had discovered her true-self had been passed down generationally.
Through this research the mutual relationship of Bowen’s self-differentiation and Winnicott’s true-self is revealed. Above all else, it is through a person’s relationships with the external world that a healthy self can be created and it is when this healthy construct of self is achieved that a person can influence his external environment into a healthier form. Through this research I hope to aid the unification and integration of family and personal therapy by demonstrating the intimate relationship between the family system perspective and the object relationship perspective of psychoanalytical personal therapy.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구 가설 및 연구 방법 = 3
• Ⅱ. Bowen의 자기분화(Self-Differentiation) = 7
• 1. Bowen의 이론적 배경 = 7
• 2. 자기분화의 전제 이론 = 8
• (1) 정서체계 = 8
• (2) 개별성과 연합성 = 9
• 3. 자기 분화(Self-differentiation) = 10
• (1) 자기분화의 정의 = 10
• (2) 분화척도 = 13
• 4. 증상발달 = 15
• (1) 만성불안 = 15
• (2) 증상발달 과정 = 18
• 1) 삼각관계 = 18
• 2) 다세대 전수 과정 = 19
• 3) 핵가족 정서 체계 = 21
• Ⅲ. Winnicott의 참자기(True Self) = 22
• 1. 이론적 배경 = 22
• 2. 참자기 형성 조건 = 24
• (1) 충분히 좋은 엄마 (good enough mother) = 24
• (2) 홀로 있을 수 있는 능력 = 25
• 3. 대상관계 = 27
• (1) 중간현상과 중간대상 = 27
• (2) 대상사용 = 28
• 4. 참자기와 거짓자기 = 29
• (1) 참자기와 거짓자기의 역할 = 29
• (2) 참자기와 거짓자기 형성 요인 = 31
• 5. 증상발달 = 32
• (1) 반사회적 행동 = 33
• (2) 정신분열증 = 34
• Ⅳ. 두 이론의 유사점 = 36
• 1. 자기 (self) = 36
• (1) 자기(self)의 개념 = 36
• (2) 자기(self)로 살아가기 위한 필요조건 = 37
• 2. 자기 분화와 참자기 = 39
• (1) Bowen의 거짓자기와 Winnicott의 거짓자기 = 39
• (2) 미분화와 거짓자기 = 42
• (3) 거짓자기의 다세대 전수과정 = 45
• 3. 증상에서 보이는 역동 = 49
• (1) 거짓자기 장애 = 49
• (2) 반사회적 행동 = 51
• Ⅴ. 사례 적용 = 56
• 1. 사례 기술 = 56
• (1) 내담자 관련 정보 및 호소 문제 = 56
• (2) 내담자의 가족관계 = 58
• (3) 내담자의 성장과정 = 59
• 2. 유사성의 적용 = 60
• (1) 증상 = 60
• (2) 거짓자기 정도 = 61
• (3) 환경의 질 = 63
• (4) 다세대 전수 과정 = 65
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 = 67
• 참고 문헌 = 70
• ABSTRACT = 72