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    커뮤니케이션정책 형성과정에 있어 갈등과 조정에 관한 연구 : 방송통신 융합정책 형성과정을 중심으로 = (A)study on conflict and coordination in the formative process of communication policy : centering on the formative process of merger policy on broadcasting communications

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11055318

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    This study is on conflict and coordination arising from the formative process of communication policy. Also, the paper is aimed at seeking and describing the policy-making process of the merger policy in more in-depth degree by finding out what coordination process to settle the policy dispute among ministries and offices as a unitary process of policy-making is made and how the participants' retroactive interactivity is going on during the coordination process as well as what factors are related with this, based on close examining why the conflict in policy-making has happened frequently and why the intensity of such conflict has been so high among ministries and offices in the formative process of broadcasting communication merger policy ever since 1999, as well as what aspects the inter-ministries and offices conflict in policy-making has assumed,
    In addition, the paper lays its purpose on trying to find a reasonable coordination plan to put out conflicts among ministries and offices in the forthcoming merger policy-making process by getting to the bottom of factors and aspects of conflict multilateral.
    This study made an analysis of the communication policy formative process accessing concrete data "The Act on Establishment and Manage- ment of Broadcasting Communication Committee"
    The merger policy has been developed and it can be divided into the three stages as follows; the beginning stage-the year 2002, when the con- flicts were arisen to the surface beginning the full dress debates among ministries and offices for reorganizing the control agency; the second stage was the transition period-from year 2003 to year 2005, when the conflicts and coordination process were in a repetitious cycle and law-making period -from 2006 to January 2007-when the systematic frame was prepared by the passage of a bill, drafted with a positive intervention of the Office for Government Policy Coordination, at a Cabinet council and along with the establishment of the broadcasting communication merger arrangement com- mittee.
    This study is distinct from other existing ones in that its analysis of the formative process of policy was made on the basis of "Dilemma Theory" by applying policy conflict and coordination theory; also, this study is based on tracing conflicts factor by understanding concept through verifiable survey on the performer who involved in actual policy making.
    1. What would be the factors in policy conflict inter-ministries and offices in the formative process of the broadcasting communication merger policy and into what aspects the factors are developed?
    The conditions of policy conflict inter-ministries and offices in the formative process of merger policy are normally the overlapping jurisdiction among ministries and offices, and under this circumstance, the policy conflict usually caused from discrepant motives of each ministries and offices such as their own viewpoints, reciprocal or conflictory situations among them.
    The aspect of policy conflict during the beginning period was a mutual coordination process among performers for ironing out causal uncertainty. The conflict came on the surface at formulating and searching position level on a new policy, it was particular situation that the conflict came out from the interaction progress each ministries and offices ironing out uncertainty about a new policy.
    During the transition period, the will of organization to increase the power in a new policy area was occurred in same period, the interest of each ministry and office for their jurisdiction were appeared shapely. As it was hardly find a solution to be satisfied in each organization, the Administration proceeded with law-maker's bill in solidarity with the National Assembly, and thus the aspects of policy conflict sparked another conflict between the Administration and the National Assembly.
    Each ministry and office proceeded with their own armed theory up to individual concern in the merger and suggested a concrete alternative through the study to rationalize their argument to their advantage, ulti- mately submitting an extra bill.
    It can be assumed that a traditional pursuit phenomenon that "superiors exist due to the existence of subjects to be ruled"-regulatory organs' ground for existence is up to the existence of a target organ under regulation-stirred up such a conflict.
    During the law making period, interests pursuing policy and jurisdiction are shown up acutely, which is related to the issue of Communication Commission establishment. To control effectively, the intervention of the National Assembly and political parties besides the Administration [the Office for Government Policy Coordination] were intervened in progress of coordination. Thus, the aspect of conflict development was expanded into the contradictory relations between the Administration, Legislature, and political parties, resulting in a phase of great amplitude of conflict.
    As a result of researching consideration of policy makers who faced on agony of decision-making, it was confirmed that they agreed the goal in general idea of the formation policy, but they have different opinions as well as priorities. In this manner, regarding to realistic basis, different opinion was caused the main factor of the conflict in policy-making process.
    2. Through what development process is the policy conflict created in the process of the merger policy formative process coordinated?
    A conflict during the beginning period, it specialized to be coordinated by horizontal analytical approaching. The final result of conflict coordination was result in failure an enactment and it caused delay or fail on solving a policy conflict.
    The coordination of policy conflict during the transition period was developed to more complex aspects. The critically issuing point of interests among the ministries and offices, such as the merger policy coordination was seemed to be coordinated in a political, directive way such as the coordination of the Office for Government Policy Coordination or the intervention of the National Assembly and political parties; on the other hand, the mainstream of aspects of coordination on this period was still horizontal & analytical regarding the policies over the merger media service. The result of the policy conflict ended up without enactment like the beginning period.
    The coordination of policy conflict during the law-making period was made noticeably which was developed in a vertical, political way. The third party named the Office for Government Policy Coordination made a great contribution to coordination. In which hints at the fact that a political, vertical way of coordination was more effective than analytical, horizontal way of coordination under the circumstance in which the conflict inter ministries and offices was sharply exposed due to their jurisdiction-oriented inclination to maintain and expand it after the installation of the broadcasting communication committee subsequent to the merger of regulatory organs. The result of the policy conflict coordination provided a clue for iron out conflict by announcing lawmaking of the bill for establishment of the broadcasting communication committee in advance, but it had an aspect of sowing the seeds of another conflict.
    As for the characteristics of policy-makers, they could not play their role as competent Ministries -‘the Ministry of Information and Communication’ and ‘the Ministry of Culture and Tourism’- giving guideline to resolve the conflict development process in a well-timed manner, but in most cases, they took the lead in forming policies as the party in conflict and also a source of policy conflict. The related ministry and office broke the regulation occasionally, the opposite party was confronted by delaying making-decision or setting their veto.
    In addition, each ministry and office exercised their strategy to effectively overcome their opponent's objection through the specialty security strategy and mobilization strategy of political support, also exercised the strategy to gradually expand their jurisdiction and resources. Political parties and the National Assembly became a supporting power for each ministry and office, and they initiate a bill in the form of a member's lawmaking or taking the lead in drafting a bill in person.
    However, policy environment and the attribute of a policy had an effect on overlapping jurisdiction and the gap in motive of interactivity among the ministries and offices, and it was operating as a mechanism to deepen the policy conflict among them.
    The created policy conflict among the organizations, an incomplete policy system makes it difficult to coordinate.
    Among these factors, such systematic variables as pluralistic policy system or inadequate policy coordination system are possible to control, whereas other factors such as policy environment factor and motive of interactivity among the ministries and offices are hard to control. It suggests that the restructuring of the merger policy-making system and policy coordination mechanism is urgently needed.
    According to the survey on consciousness of the policy-makers during the law-making period, they are aware and commonly agree to the fact that the conflicting factor of the merger policy lies in the conflict among the ministries and offices; thus because of such nature, they point out the simultaneous necessity of the coordination among the interested parties and the government-led coordinating function. Therefore, to solve conflict from the merger policy, the coordination is needed in horizontal /analytical and vertical / political approaches at the same time.
    3. From now, what will be a proposal for the reduction of the policy conflict between the ministries and offices and for the properly functional policy conflict in the merger policy sector?
    In the media policy process, the conflict arises from the mutual difference in the related participants' policy objective. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the denotative meaning of the merger policy principle and to share a junction for making a consensus as to the principle and objective of the merger policy among the ministries and offices.
    For this, it is necessary to clarify the denotative meaning of the merger policy principle and also necessary to have a formational process of a social consensus to convert from the existing principle. In an epoch-making conversion from the existing principle, the makeshift approach focusing on a short-term effect, with the social debate process on contradictory issues among principles left behind, is feared to foster unnecessary conflict, trial and error. Besides, the broadcasting communication merger could incur contradictory situation among different principles, so a proposal to coordinate it should be preceded.
    Traditionally, the broadcasting circle tends to value of public good and political neutrality, and the communication circle tends to value marketability and universal service however, both sides tend to take a neutral posture on contents.
    The integration of organs, in reality, will assume the form of integration of the authorities in charge, so a big disorder could be incurred if a mechanical integration should be pursued while overlooking differences in policy principle and tradition by media. The integration of organs will produce proximity attribute and reflections of policy principles by broadcasting and communication policy, so the validity subsequent to abrupt conversion of principle must be secured.
    The communication policy is produced by interactivity among performers retroactively interacting, what is called, policy network.
    Therefore, in the discussion of broadcasting communication policy and integration of organs, it's necessary to make an approach understanding the formerly existing policy regulating organ as an interactive system related to the regulatory policy of the broadcasting and communication than a governmental office in a narrow sense.
    As for the considerations of individual performers, it is necessary to concern about not only their official staff organization and function but also the informal aspects such as the attribute, organizational culture, collective sentiment, hope and anxiety of each constituent performer.
    This study renders a significant meaning academically and strategically in that this study managed to tide over the limit of the existing policy - making theory by objectifying the nature of the policy conflict more substantially with an actual confirmation of their consciousness of the reason for conflict and its coordination as well as its settlement plan in the merger policy formation process through the channel of in-depth interviews conducted on the performers involved in the merger policy formational process of the broadcasting communication - and so it does in that this paper managed to overcome the limit of the schematic clearness which the policy conflict and its coordination theory commonly have.
    Every time the newly merged media service appears, there exists high possibility of reappearance of disorderly situation which appeared in the formational process of the merger policy. In other words, this means that there exists high possibility that the government might face with the policy dilemma and conflictory situation in the execution process of the newly-made media policy continuously.
    Therefore, I would say that the results of this study serve to offer a clue to an effective decision making of the merger policy by understanding dilemmatic situation, namely, the coherence of conflict, happening in the policy formational process at an integrated viewpoint, and also give a vital lesson for minimizing the social, strategical conflict occurring in social adoption of the newly incoming media service hence after.
    번역하기

    This study is on conflict and coordination arising from the formative process of communication policy. Also, the paper is aimed at seeking and describing the policy-making process of the merger policy in more in-depth degree by finding out what coordi...

    This study is on conflict and coordination arising from the formative process of communication policy. Also, the paper is aimed at seeking and describing the policy-making process of the merger policy in more in-depth degree by finding out what coordination process to settle the policy dispute among ministries and offices as a unitary process of policy-making is made and how the participants' retroactive interactivity is going on during the coordination process as well as what factors are related with this, based on close examining why the conflict in policy-making has happened frequently and why the intensity of such conflict has been so high among ministries and offices in the formative process of broadcasting communication merger policy ever since 1999, as well as what aspects the inter-ministries and offices conflict in policy-making has assumed,
    In addition, the paper lays its purpose on trying to find a reasonable coordination plan to put out conflicts among ministries and offices in the forthcoming merger policy-making process by getting to the bottom of factors and aspects of conflict multilateral.
    This study made an analysis of the communication policy formative process accessing concrete data "The Act on Establishment and Manage- ment of Broadcasting Communication Committee"
    The merger policy has been developed and it can be divided into the three stages as follows; the beginning stage-the year 2002, when the con- flicts were arisen to the surface beginning the full dress debates among ministries and offices for reorganizing the control agency; the second stage was the transition period-from year 2003 to year 2005, when the conflicts and coordination process were in a repetitious cycle and law-making period -from 2006 to January 2007-when the systematic frame was prepared by the passage of a bill, drafted with a positive intervention of the Office for Government Policy Coordination, at a Cabinet council and along with the establishment of the broadcasting communication merger arrangement com- mittee.
    This study is distinct from other existing ones in that its analysis of the formative process of policy was made on the basis of "Dilemma Theory" by applying policy conflict and coordination theory; also, this study is based on tracing conflicts factor by understanding concept through verifiable survey on the performer who involved in actual policy making.
    1. What would be the factors in policy conflict inter-ministries and offices in the formative process of the broadcasting communication merger policy and into what aspects the factors are developed?
    The conditions of policy conflict inter-ministries and offices in the formative process of merger policy are normally the overlapping jurisdiction among ministries and offices, and under this circumstance, the policy conflict usually caused from discrepant motives of each ministries and offices such as their own viewpoints, reciprocal or conflictory situations among them.
    The aspect of policy conflict during the beginning period was a mutual coordination process among performers for ironing out causal uncertainty. The conflict came on the surface at formulating and searching position level on a new policy, it was particular situation that the conflict came out from the interaction progress each ministries and offices ironing out uncertainty about a new policy.
    During the transition period, the will of organization to increase the power in a new policy area was occurred in same period, the interest of each ministry and office for their jurisdiction were appeared shapely. As it was hardly find a solution to be satisfied in each organization, the Administration proceeded with law-maker's bill in solidarity with the National Assembly, and thus the aspects of policy conflict sparked another conflict between the Administration and the National Assembly.
    Each ministry and office proceeded with their own armed theory up to individual concern in the merger and suggested a concrete alternative through the study to rationalize their argument to their advantage, ulti- mately submitting an extra bill.
    It can be assumed that a traditional pursuit phenomenon that "superiors exist due to the existence of subjects to be ruled"-regulatory organs' ground for existence is up to the existence of a target organ under regulation-stirred up such a conflict.
    During the law making period, interests pursuing policy and jurisdiction are shown up acutely, which is related to the issue of Communication Commission establishment. To control effectively, the intervention of the National Assembly and political parties besides the Administration [the Office for Government Policy Coordination] were intervened in progress of coordination. Thus, the aspect of conflict development was expanded into the contradictory relations between the Administration, Legislature, and political parties, resulting in a phase of great amplitude of conflict.
    As a result of researching consideration of policy makers who faced on agony of decision-making, it was confirmed that they agreed the goal in general idea of the formation policy, but they have different opinions as well as priorities. In this manner, regarding to realistic basis, different opinion was caused the main factor of the conflict in policy-making process.
    2. Through what development process is the policy conflict created in the process of the merger policy formative process coordinated?
    A conflict during the beginning period, it specialized to be coordinated by horizontal analytical approaching. The final result of conflict coordination was result in failure an enactment and it caused delay or fail on solving a policy conflict.
    The coordination of policy conflict during the transition period was developed to more complex aspects. The critically issuing point of interests among the ministries and offices, such as the merger policy coordination was seemed to be coordinated in a political, directive way such as the coordination of the Office for Government Policy Coordination or the intervention of the National Assembly and political parties; on the other hand, the mainstream of aspects of coordination on this period was still horizontal & analytical regarding the policies over the merger media service. The result of the policy conflict ended up without enactment like the beginning period.
    The coordination of policy conflict during the law-making period was made noticeably which was developed in a vertical, political way. The third party named the Office for Government Policy Coordination made a great contribution to coordination. In which hints at the fact that a political, vertical way of coordination was more effective than analytical, horizontal way of coordination under the circumstance in which the conflict inter ministries and offices was sharply exposed due to their jurisdiction-oriented inclination to maintain and expand it after the installation of the broadcasting communication committee subsequent to the merger of regulatory organs. The result of the policy conflict coordination provided a clue for iron out conflict by announcing lawmaking of the bill for establishment of the broadcasting communication committee in advance, but it had an aspect of sowing the seeds of another conflict.
    As for the characteristics of policy-makers, they could not play their role as competent Ministries -‘the Ministry of Information and Communication’ and ‘the Ministry of Culture and Tourism’- giving guideline to resolve the conflict development process in a well-timed manner, but in most cases, they took the lead in forming policies as the party in conflict and also a source of policy conflict. The related ministry and office broke the regulation occasionally, the opposite party was confronted by delaying making-decision or setting their veto.
    In addition, each ministry and office exercised their strategy to effectively overcome their opponent's objection through the specialty security strategy and mobilization strategy of political support, also exercised the strategy to gradually expand their jurisdiction and resources. Political parties and the National Assembly became a supporting power for each ministry and office, and they initiate a bill in the form of a member's lawmaking or taking the lead in drafting a bill in person.
    However, policy environment and the attribute of a policy had an effect on overlapping jurisdiction and the gap in motive of interactivity among the ministries and offices, and it was operating as a mechanism to deepen the policy conflict among them.
    The created policy conflict among the organizations, an incomplete policy system makes it difficult to coordinate.
    Among these factors, such systematic variables as pluralistic policy system or inadequate policy coordination system are possible to control, whereas other factors such as policy environment factor and motive of interactivity among the ministries and offices are hard to control. It suggests that the restructuring of the merger policy-making system and policy coordination mechanism is urgently needed.
    According to the survey on consciousness of the policy-makers during the law-making period, they are aware and commonly agree to the fact that the conflicting factor of the merger policy lies in the conflict among the ministries and offices; thus because of such nature, they point out the simultaneous necessity of the coordination among the interested parties and the government-led coordinating function. Therefore, to solve conflict from the merger policy, the coordination is needed in horizontal /analytical and vertical / political approaches at the same time.
    3. From now, what will be a proposal for the reduction of the policy conflict between the ministries and offices and for the properly functional policy conflict in the merger policy sector?
    In the media policy process, the conflict arises from the mutual difference in the related participants' policy objective. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the denotative meaning of the merger policy principle and to share a junction for making a consensus as to the principle and objective of the merger policy among the ministries and offices.
    For this, it is necessary to clarify the denotative meaning of the merger policy principle and also necessary to have a formational process of a social consensus to convert from the existing principle. In an epoch-making conversion from the existing principle, the makeshift approach focusing on a short-term effect, with the social debate process on contradictory issues among principles left behind, is feared to foster unnecessary conflict, trial and error. Besides, the broadcasting communication merger could incur contradictory situation among different principles, so a proposal to coordinate it should be preceded.
    Traditionally, the broadcasting circle tends to value of public good and political neutrality, and the communication circle tends to value marketability and universal service however, both sides tend to take a neutral posture on contents.
    The integration of organs, in reality, will assume the form of integration of the authorities in charge, so a big disorder could be incurred if a mechanical integration should be pursued while overlooking differences in policy principle and tradition by media. The integration of organs will produce proximity attribute and reflections of policy principles by broadcasting and communication policy, so the validity subsequent to abrupt conversion of principle must be secured.
    The communication policy is produced by interactivity among performers retroactively interacting, what is called, policy network.
    Therefore, in the discussion of broadcasting communication policy and integration of organs, it's necessary to make an approach understanding the formerly existing policy regulating organ as an interactive system related to the regulatory policy of the broadcasting and communication than a governmental office in a narrow sense.
    As for the considerations of individual performers, it is necessary to concern about not only their official staff organization and function but also the informal aspects such as the attribute, organizational culture, collective sentiment, hope and anxiety of each constituent performer.
    This study renders a significant meaning academically and strategically in that this study managed to tide over the limit of the existing policy - making theory by objectifying the nature of the policy conflict more substantially with an actual confirmation of their consciousness of the reason for conflict and its coordination as well as its settlement plan in the merger policy formation process through the channel of in-depth interviews conducted on the performers involved in the merger policy formational process of the broadcasting communication - and so it does in that this paper managed to overcome the limit of the schematic clearness which the policy conflict and its coordination theory commonly have.
    Every time the newly merged media service appears, there exists high possibility of reappearance of disorderly situation which appeared in the formational process of the merger policy. In other words, this means that there exists high possibility that the government might face with the policy dilemma and conflictory situation in the execution process of the newly-made media policy continuously.
    Therefore, I would say that the results of this study serve to offer a clue to an effective decision making of the merger policy by understanding dilemmatic situation, namely, the coherence of conflict, happening in the policy formational process at an integrated viewpoint, and also give a vital lesson for minimizing the social, strategical conflict occurring in social adoption of the newly incoming media service hence after.

    더보기

    국문 초록 (Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    이 연구는 1999년 이후 방송통신융합 정책형성과정에서 부처 간 정책갈등이 왜 빈번하고 정책갈등의 강도가 높은지, 그리고 부처 간 정책갈등이 어떠한 양상을 보이는지를 탐색한 뒤, 정책결정과정의 하나의 단위과정으로서 부처 간 정책갈등의 조정과정이 어떻게 이루어지고, 이 과정에서 참여자의 역동적 상호작용은 어떠하며, 이와 관련 있는 요인들은 무엇인지를 규명함으로써 융합정책의 정책결정과정을 보다 심도 있게 탐색하고 기술하는데 그 연구목적이 있다. 이러한 과정을 다각적으로 조명함으로써 부처 간 정책갈등의 양상과 원인을 밝히고, 그 조정과정을 분석함으로써 향후 융합정책결정과정에서 부처 간 갈등의 합리적인 조정방안을 모색해 보고자 하는데 목표를 두었다.
    이 연구는 ‘방송통신위원회설립및운영에관한법률(안)’이라는 구체적인 사례를 통해 융합정책의 형성과정을 분석하였다. 융합정책 형성과정은 태동기, 과도기, 입법기 등 3단계로 설정했다. 이 연구가 기존 연구와 다른 점은 정책형성과정 분석에 있어 딜레마 이론을 토대로 정책갈등 및 조정이론을 적용하되, 정책결정에 관여하는 행위자를 대상으로 실증조사를 통해 그 성격을 규명하고, 정책갈등 요인을 실제적으로 탐색해낸다는 점이다. 연구문제에 따른 주요 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다.
    1. 방송통신 융합정책 형성과정에서 부처 간 정책갈등의 원인은 무엇이며, 어떠한 양상으로 전개되는가?
    태동기의 정책갈등 양상은 인과적 불확실성 해소를 향한 행위자간 상호조정과정이었다. 새로운 정책에 대한 탐색적인 차원에서 갈등이 표출되었는데, 부처 간 정책갈등이 정책의 불확실성을 해소하려는 상호조정과정으로서의 특징을 보였다. 과도기에는 새로운 정책영역에 대한 부처의 영역을 확장하려는 조직의 욕구가 동시에 나타나면서 부처 간 관할권을 둘러싼 첨예한 이해관계의 표출이 두드러졌다. 한편 국회와 연대하여 의원입법안을 추진함으로써 부처 간 정책갈등 양상이 행정부와 국회 간의 갈등으로 비화되기도 했다. 입법기에는 방송통신위원회 설립문제와 관련 정책지향과 관할권 지향에 대한 부처 간 이해관계가 첨예하게 나타나고, 이를 효과적으로 조정하기 위해 정부(국무조정실) 외에 국회와 정당이 갈등조정과정에 개입함으로써 갈등전개양상이 행정부, 입법부, 정당 간의 갈등관계로 증폭되면서 갈등진폭의 변화도 크게 나타났다. 입법기 정책갈등 과정에 있는 정책참여자들의 인식을 조사한 결과, 큰 틀에서 융합정책의 목표는 공유하고 있으나 세부목표 및 우선순위에 있어서는 차이가 있음이 확인되었다.
    2. 융합정책 형성과정에서 생성된 정책갈등은 어떠한 전개과정을 거치면서 조정되는가?
    태동기 정책갈등 조정은 부처 간 상호조정과 탐색적 접근을 통해 수평적·분석적으로 조정되는 특징을 보였다. 정책갈등 조정결과는 제도화에 실패함으로써 정책갈등 해소의 지연 내지는 실패의 양상을 보였다고 하겠다. 과도기 정책갈등 조정은 복합적으로 이루어지는데, 융합정책 조정 등 부처 간 이해관계가 첨예한 쟁점은 국무조정실의 조정이나 국회, 정당의 개입 등 부처 간 갈등조정에 정치적, 지시적 조정양상이 나타나고, 융합미디어서비스 정책들에 대해서는 분석적·수평적 조정양상이 주류를 이루었다. 정책갈등 조정결과는 태동기와 동일하게 제도화에 실패함으로써 정책갈등 해소의 지연 내지는 실패의 양상을 보였다. 입법기 정책갈등 조정은 수직적·정치적 조정방식이 두드러지게 나타나는데, 국무조정실이라는 제3자 개입에 의한 조정이 큰 기여를 하였다. 정책갈등 조정결과는 방송통신위원회 설립법안을 입법예고함으로써 갈등해소의 단초를 마련했으나, 또 다른 갈등을 잉태하는 양상이다. 입법기 정책참여자들의 인식조사에 따르면, 융합정책에 있어 갈등이 발생하는 요인이 부처 간 갈등에 의한 것임을 인식하고 있으며, 이러한 성격 때문에 정책갈등을 해소하기 위해서는 당사자 간 조정과 정부차원의 조정 기능이 동시에 필요함을 지적하고 있다.
    3. 향후 융합정책영역에 있어서 부처 간 정책갈등의 감소 및 순기능적 정책갈등을 위한 방안은 무엇인가?
    전통적으로 방송은 공익성과 정치적 중립성을, 통신은 시장성과 보편적 서비스를 중시하되 내용에 대해서는 비교적 중립적인 경향이 있었다. 기구의 통합은 현실적으로 담당 부처의 통합 형태를 띠게 되는데, 미디어별로 정책 이념과 전통의 차이를 간과하고 기계적인 통합을 추진하면 큰 혼란이 야기될 수도 있다. 기구 통합은 방송정책과 통신정책별 정책 이념의 근접화와 수렴을 가져오기 마련인데, 급격한 이념 전환에 따른 정당성이 확보되어야만 한다. 또한 통합 추진에서는 공익성과 시장성의 조화 외에도 정치적 독립성의 확보도 중요한 쟁점인데, 이는 결국 규제와 관련 국가가 수행하는 기능을 어떻게 한정할 것인가 하는 문제로 귀결된다. 커뮤니케이션 정책은 역동적으로 상호 작용하는 행위자들 간의 상호작용, 이른바 정책네트워크를 통해 산출된다. 따라서 방송통신 정책 및 규제기구 통합 논의에 있어서 종래의 규제정책기구를 협의의 정부부처를 의미한다기보다는 방송 및 통신 규제정책과 관련된 상호작용 체계로 파악해서 접근할 필요가 있다. 각각의 행위자들을 고려함에 있어서 공식적인 직제나 기능 뿐 아니라, 각 행위자들 구성원들의 특성, 조직문화, 집단정서, 기대와 불안감 등 비공식적 측면에 대해서도 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다.
    이 연구는 방통융합 정책 형성과정에 관여하는 행위자를 대상으로 한 심층인터뷰를 통해 융합정책 형성과정에 있어 갈등의 원인 및 조정, 해소방안에 대한 인식을 실제 확인하여 정책갈등의 성격을 보다 실제적으로 객관화함으로써 기존 정책결정 이론의 한계를 극복하고, 나아가 정책갈등 및 조정이론이 갖는 도식적 명료성의 한계를 극복했다는 점에서 학문적으로나 정책적으로 주요한 의미를 갖는다. 신규 융합미디어서비스가 등장할 때마다 융합정책 형성과정에서 나타난 혼란이 재현될 가능성이 크다. 이는 정부가 신규 미디어정책을 수행하는 과정에서 지속적으로 정책딜레마 및 갈등상황에 직면하게 될 가능성이 크다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 이 연구의 결과는 정책형성과정에서 발생하는 딜레마 상황, 즉 갈등의 맥락을 통합적으로 이해함으로써 융합정책의 효율적 결정에 대한 단초를 제공함과 동시에, 추후 등장하게 될 미디어서비스의 사회적 수용에 있어 사회적, 정책적 갈등을 최소화하는데 중요한 교훈을 던져준다고 하겠다.
    번역하기

    이 연구는 1999년 이후 방송통신융합 정책형성과정에서 부처 간 정책갈등이 왜 빈번하고 정책갈등의 강도가 높은지, 그리고 부처 간 정책갈등이 어떠한 양상을 보이는지를 탐색한 뒤, 정책결...

    이 연구는 1999년 이후 방송통신융합 정책형성과정에서 부처 간 정책갈등이 왜 빈번하고 정책갈등의 강도가 높은지, 그리고 부처 간 정책갈등이 어떠한 양상을 보이는지를 탐색한 뒤, 정책결정과정의 하나의 단위과정으로서 부처 간 정책갈등의 조정과정이 어떻게 이루어지고, 이 과정에서 참여자의 역동적 상호작용은 어떠하며, 이와 관련 있는 요인들은 무엇인지를 규명함으로써 융합정책의 정책결정과정을 보다 심도 있게 탐색하고 기술하는데 그 연구목적이 있다. 이러한 과정을 다각적으로 조명함으로써 부처 간 정책갈등의 양상과 원인을 밝히고, 그 조정과정을 분석함으로써 향후 융합정책결정과정에서 부처 간 갈등의 합리적인 조정방안을 모색해 보고자 하는데 목표를 두었다.
    이 연구는 ‘방송통신위원회설립및운영에관한법률(안)’이라는 구체적인 사례를 통해 융합정책의 형성과정을 분석하였다. 융합정책 형성과정은 태동기, 과도기, 입법기 등 3단계로 설정했다. 이 연구가 기존 연구와 다른 점은 정책형성과정 분석에 있어 딜레마 이론을 토대로 정책갈등 및 조정이론을 적용하되, 정책결정에 관여하는 행위자를 대상으로 실증조사를 통해 그 성격을 규명하고, 정책갈등 요인을 실제적으로 탐색해낸다는 점이다. 연구문제에 따른 주요 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다.
    1. 방송통신 융합정책 형성과정에서 부처 간 정책갈등의 원인은 무엇이며, 어떠한 양상으로 전개되는가?
    태동기의 정책갈등 양상은 인과적 불확실성 해소를 향한 행위자간 상호조정과정이었다. 새로운 정책에 대한 탐색적인 차원에서 갈등이 표출되었는데, 부처 간 정책갈등이 정책의 불확실성을 해소하려는 상호조정과정으로서의 특징을 보였다. 과도기에는 새로운 정책영역에 대한 부처의 영역을 확장하려는 조직의 욕구가 동시에 나타나면서 부처 간 관할권을 둘러싼 첨예한 이해관계의 표출이 두드러졌다. 한편 국회와 연대하여 의원입법안을 추진함으로써 부처 간 정책갈등 양상이 행정부와 국회 간의 갈등으로 비화되기도 했다. 입법기에는 방송통신위원회 설립문제와 관련 정책지향과 관할권 지향에 대한 부처 간 이해관계가 첨예하게 나타나고, 이를 효과적으로 조정하기 위해 정부(국무조정실) 외에 국회와 정당이 갈등조정과정에 개입함으로써 갈등전개양상이 행정부, 입법부, 정당 간의 갈등관계로 증폭되면서 갈등진폭의 변화도 크게 나타났다. 입법기 정책갈등 과정에 있는 정책참여자들의 인식을 조사한 결과, 큰 틀에서 융합정책의 목표는 공유하고 있으나 세부목표 및 우선순위에 있어서는 차이가 있음이 확인되었다.
    2. 융합정책 형성과정에서 생성된 정책갈등은 어떠한 전개과정을 거치면서 조정되는가?
    태동기 정책갈등 조정은 부처 간 상호조정과 탐색적 접근을 통해 수평적·분석적으로 조정되는 특징을 보였다. 정책갈등 조정결과는 제도화에 실패함으로써 정책갈등 해소의 지연 내지는 실패의 양상을 보였다고 하겠다. 과도기 정책갈등 조정은 복합적으로 이루어지는데, 융합정책 조정 등 부처 간 이해관계가 첨예한 쟁점은 국무조정실의 조정이나 국회, 정당의 개입 등 부처 간 갈등조정에 정치적, 지시적 조정양상이 나타나고, 융합미디어서비스 정책들에 대해서는 분석적·수평적 조정양상이 주류를 이루었다. 정책갈등 조정결과는 태동기와 동일하게 제도화에 실패함으로써 정책갈등 해소의 지연 내지는 실패의 양상을 보였다. 입법기 정책갈등 조정은 수직적·정치적 조정방식이 두드러지게 나타나는데, 국무조정실이라는 제3자 개입에 의한 조정이 큰 기여를 하였다. 정책갈등 조정결과는 방송통신위원회 설립법안을 입법예고함으로써 갈등해소의 단초를 마련했으나, 또 다른 갈등을 잉태하는 양상이다. 입법기 정책참여자들의 인식조사에 따르면, 융합정책에 있어 갈등이 발생하는 요인이 부처 간 갈등에 의한 것임을 인식하고 있으며, 이러한 성격 때문에 정책갈등을 해소하기 위해서는 당사자 간 조정과 정부차원의 조정 기능이 동시에 필요함을 지적하고 있다.
    3. 향후 융합정책영역에 있어서 부처 간 정책갈등의 감소 및 순기능적 정책갈등을 위한 방안은 무엇인가?
    전통적으로 방송은 공익성과 정치적 중립성을, 통신은 시장성과 보편적 서비스를 중시하되 내용에 대해서는 비교적 중립적인 경향이 있었다. 기구의 통합은 현실적으로 담당 부처의 통합 형태를 띠게 되는데, 미디어별로 정책 이념과 전통의 차이를 간과하고 기계적인 통합을 추진하면 큰 혼란이 야기될 수도 있다. 기구 통합은 방송정책과 통신정책별 정책 이념의 근접화와 수렴을 가져오기 마련인데, 급격한 이념 전환에 따른 정당성이 확보되어야만 한다. 또한 통합 추진에서는 공익성과 시장성의 조화 외에도 정치적 독립성의 확보도 중요한 쟁점인데, 이는 결국 규제와 관련 국가가 수행하는 기능을 어떻게 한정할 것인가 하는 문제로 귀결된다. 커뮤니케이션 정책은 역동적으로 상호 작용하는 행위자들 간의 상호작용, 이른바 정책네트워크를 통해 산출된다. 따라서 방송통신 정책 및 규제기구 통합 논의에 있어서 종래의 규제정책기구를 협의의 정부부처를 의미한다기보다는 방송 및 통신 규제정책과 관련된 상호작용 체계로 파악해서 접근할 필요가 있다. 각각의 행위자들을 고려함에 있어서 공식적인 직제나 기능 뿐 아니라, 각 행위자들 구성원들의 특성, 조직문화, 집단정서, 기대와 불안감 등 비공식적 측면에 대해서도 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다.
    이 연구는 방통융합 정책 형성과정에 관여하는 행위자를 대상으로 한 심층인터뷰를 통해 융합정책 형성과정에 있어 갈등의 원인 및 조정, 해소방안에 대한 인식을 실제 확인하여 정책갈등의 성격을 보다 실제적으로 객관화함으로써 기존 정책결정 이론의 한계를 극복하고, 나아가 정책갈등 및 조정이론이 갖는 도식적 명료성의 한계를 극복했다는 점에서 학문적으로나 정책적으로 주요한 의미를 갖는다. 신규 융합미디어서비스가 등장할 때마다 융합정책 형성과정에서 나타난 혼란이 재현될 가능성이 크다. 이는 정부가 신규 미디어정책을 수행하는 과정에서 지속적으로 정책딜레마 및 갈등상황에 직면하게 될 가능성이 크다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 이 연구의 결과는 정책형성과정에서 발생하는 딜레마 상황, 즉 갈등의 맥락을 통합적으로 이해함으로써 융합정책의 효율적 결정에 대한 단초를 제공함과 동시에, 추후 등장하게 될 미디어서비스의 사회적 수용에 있어 사회적, 정책적 갈등을 최소화하는데 중요한 교훈을 던져준다고 하겠다.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • 제1장 서론 = 1
    • 제1절 문제제기 및 연구목적 = 1
    • 1. 문제제기 = 1
    • 2. 연구목적 및 의의 = 6
    • 제2절 연구문제 = 11
    • 제1장 서론 = 1
    • 제1절 문제제기 및 연구목적 = 1
    • 1. 문제제기 = 1
    • 2. 연구목적 및 의의 = 6
    • 제2절 연구문제 = 11
    • 제3절 커뮤니케이션정책 연구동향 및 선행연구 검토 = 15
    • 제4절 논문의 구성 및 체계 = 22
    • 제2장 이론적 기초 = 25
    • 제1절 커뮤니케이션 정책과 정책결정 기제 = 25
    • 1. 정책의 개념 및 정책결정의 속성 = 25
    • 2. 커뮤니케이션 정책의 개념 및 전개 = 28
    • 1) 커뮤니케이션 정책 및 규제정책 = 28
    • 2) 방송과 통신의 규제 = 34
    • 제2절 정책결정과정과 딜레마 상황 = 40
    • 1. 정책결정과정의 딜레마 상황에 대한 설명 = 40
    • 2. 딜레마 상황에서 정책선택 모형 = 43
    • 3. 딜레마 상황과 정책대응 행태 및 속성 = 45
    • 제3절 정책 형성과정에서 부처 간 정책갈등 및 조정 = 48
    • 1. 부처 간 정책갈등의 개념 및 본질 = 48
    • 1) 부처 간 갈등의 요인 및 속성 = 48
    • 2) 부처 간 정책갈등의 의미, 원인 및 전개 = 52
    • 2. 부처 간 정책갈등의 조정 기제 = 55
    • 1) 부처 간 정책갈등과 정책조정의 관계 = 55
    • 2) 부처 간 정책조정의 유형 = 57
    • 3. 정책조정 기제와 정책참여자의 행위 전략 = 60
    • 1) 정책 조정기제 = 60
    • 2) 정책조정과정에서 참여자의 양상 = 62
    • 3) 참여자의 행위전략 = 68
    • 제3장 융합정책의 특성 및 정책상황 진단 = 71
    • 제1절 방송통신융합정책의 특성 및 환경 = 71
    • 1. 기술환경 변화 = 71
    • 1) 방송·통신 융합의 개념 및 효과 = 71
    • 2) 미디어지형의 변화 = 74
    • 2. 제도적 환경 변화 = 76
    • 제2절 방통융합에 따른 규제정책 변화 = 81
    • 1. 융합관점에서 규제정책의 변화 = 81
    • 2. 해외 융합정책 분석 및 시사점 = 84
    • 1) 글로벌 융합정책 사례 = 84
    • 2) 평가 및 시사점 = 90
    • 3. 국내 융합정책 형성과정 = 94
    • 제4장 연구방법 = 100
    • 제1절 정책형성과정 분석방법 및 분석틀 = 100
    • 1. 분석방법 및 범위 = 100
    • 1) 분석방법 = 100
    • 2) 분석대상 및 범위 = 101
    • 2. 분석틀 = 103
    • 제2절 입법기 정책참여자의 인식조사 방법 = 111
    • 1. 조사대상 및 절차 = 111
    • 2. 설문지 구성 및 측정 = 113
    • 제5장 연구결과 = 115
    • 제1절 방통융합 정책갈등 및 조정과정 분석 결과 = 115
    • 1. 태동기의 정책갈등과 조정 = 115
    • 1) 태동기의 융합정책 환경 = 115
    • 2) 태동기의 정책갈등 원인과 양상 = 120
    • 3) 태동기의 정책갈등 조정 = 123
    • 2. 과도기의 정책갈등과 조정 = 123
    • 1) 과도기의 융합정책 환경 = 123
    • 2) 과도기의 정책갈등 원인과 양상 = 127
    • 3) 과도기의 정책갈등 조정 = 140
    • 3. 입법기의 정책갈등과 조정 = 143
    • 1) 입법기의 융합정책 환경 = 143
    • 2) 입법기의 정책갈등 원인과 양상 = 146
    • 3) 입법기의 정책갈등 조정 = 160
    • 4. 종합 및 시사점 = 164
    • 1) 정책갈등의 동태적 변화 = 164
    • 2) 정책갈등의 제도적 역학과 전략선택 = 166
    • 3) 정책갈등의 조정 = 168
    • 제2절 입법기 정책참여자의 인식조사결과 = 170
    • 1. 융합정책 갈등의 원인에 대한 인식 = 170
    • 2. 정책갈등 행태에 대한 인식 = 175
    • 3. 정책갈등 조정 및 해소에 대한 인식 = 177
    • 4. 종합비교 및 시사점 = 180
    • 제6장 결론 및 논의 = 183
    • 제1절 연구요약 및 결론 = 183
    • 제2절 연구의 함의 및 한계 = 192
    • 참고문헌 = 197
    • 국내문헌 = 197
    • 부록 = 216
    • 국문초록 = 226
    • Abstract = 232
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