체급운동선수의 체중관리시 순응과 저항과정에 작용하는 규율권력과 감시기제 = Disciplinary power and surveillance mechanisms in the practice of conformity and resistance for weight management of athletes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of discourses which influenced the various practices related with weight management of athletes who competed in the weight dependent sports, such as Wrestling, Judo, Weight lifting and Bodybuilding with Foucauldian perspectives. Specifically, how can be disciplinary power produced in the practices of weight management as a athlete preparation to achieve high-performance goals and through what kinds of mechanisms, that power has effect on the way of behavior and thinking of athletes. Furthermore, another main purpose of this study was to examine how can athletes conform and resist these mechanisms and discourses with entanglement of surveillance practices and strategies of subjectivity.
To achieve the purpose of this study, intensity and criteria sampling was adopted to select participants and 22 athletes who were involved in 6 events - Wrestling, Judo, Taekwondo, Weight lifting, Boxing, and Bodybuilding - participated in the study interviews. In focusing on disciplinary power, weight control, surveillance mechanism, and resistance and conformity, the stories told by athletes in interview settings were analyzed with grounded-theory. The results of this analysis were summarized as follows;
First, adherence of most athletes who participated in weight-dependent sports for the "winning ideology" at competition strongly urged them on doing a rapid weight loss in their daily life. With this adherence, they also revealed their inflexible attitude admitting the cultural atmosphere to infringe 'fair-play' ethics and values of sport for acquiring winning.
Second, most athletes were involved in practices to lose weight, such as food restriction, fasting, sweating in sauna, or doping. Interestingly, they entirely depended on the modes of restricting food rather than exercising to lose their weight. Moreover, most practices to control weight showed extremely similarities in ways of practices and recognitions among athletes because those modes were entirely based on the coaches' past experiences and knowledge.
Third, disciplinary power in preparation process of athletes was generated by control tools such as exercising-timetable or dieting-timetable, normalized discipline and various knowledge about weight control imparted by coaches, and gazes of significant others around athletes. In the gaze of others and effect of disciplinary power male athletes were subjugated to a discourse of "win-at-all" and "athleticism" in their practice of weight control, however, female athletes were mostly dominated with a evaluative gaze compelling a "feminity" of significant others.
Fourth, various mechanisms of surveillance enlarged the effect of disciplinary power which controls and operates athletes in their practice of weight management. These mechanisms of surveillance took an effect with different discourses through panopticism such as knowledge of coaches and the success tales of other athletes, and synopticism, range from a cooperative surveillance among athletes with public weigh-in practice to self-surveillance by mirrors or scales.
Lastly, results about conformity and resist to discourse of weight management showed that most athletes had a tendency to conform to those discourses with the experience of collective practices represented with a morning meeting, athleticism, and hierarchy differences of power between coaches and athletes. However, contrary to this conformity, they also resisted with strategies recommended by Foucault(1980a) such as ethical self-caring, aesthetic self-stylization, and critical self-recognition with self-writing, confession, or commitment to studying.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 = 4
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 5
• 4. 연구의 제한점 = 7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 8
• 1. 스포츠와 권력 및 규율권력 = 8
• 1.1 권력에 대한 고전적 정의 = 8
• 1.2 규율권력이란 무엇인가: 파놉티콘과 시놉티콘 = 11
• 1.3 규율권력과 스포츠: 선행연구의 고찰 = 16
• 2. 운동선수의 체중관리에 대한 학문적 접근 = 19
• 2.1 체중관리에 대한 생리학적 분석 = 19
• 2.2 체중관리에 대한 심리학적 접근 = 21
• 2.3 체중관리의 사회학적 관점 = 22
• 3. 주체화와 체중관리 담론에 대한 저항 = 25
• 3.1 자아의 기술로서의 윤리적 자기-돌봄 = 29
• 3.2 자아의 기술로서의 미적인 자기-양식화와 비판적 자기-인지 = 31
• 4. 푸코의 이론적 틀에 대한 적용과 그 한계 = 34
• 4.1 규율권력과 감시에 대한 이론적 틀 = 36
• 4.2 자아의 기술에 대한 적용과 해석의 한계 = 38
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 41
• 1. 연구참여자 = 41
• 2. 자료수집 방법 = 44
• 2.1 예비연구 = 45
• 2.2 면담절차 및 과정 = 45
• 3. 자료분석 방법 = 47
• 3.1 거시적 개념 파악 = 48
• 3.2 자료의 단위 나누기와 단위 범주화 = 48
• 3.3 범주 검토와 네러티브 서술 및 시각적 그림 제시 = 49
• 4. 자료의 진실성과 해석의 타당성 = 50
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 논의 = 52
• 1. 체중관리로서의 체중감량: 방식과 그 의미 = 52
• 1.1 체중감량의 목적과 의미 = 52
• 1.2 체중감량 방법의 차이와 유사성 = 56
• 2. 체중관리 실천에 나타난 규율권력과 감시기제 = 60
• 2.1 규율의 생성과 작용: 시간계획표를 통한 행동의 통제 = 61
• 2.2 선수와 코치: 학교와 지식전수 그리고 규범화된 제재(制裁) = 66
• 2.3 시선(視線)을 통한 자기검열의 효과 = 71
• 2.4 감시기제의 작동방식: 파놉티시즘과 시놉티시즘 = 74
• 2.4.1 파놉티시즘으로서 코치의 '지식담론' = 76
• 2.4.2 서로 간의 감시체제로서 '공개계체' = 80
• 2.4.3 체중계와 거울을 통한 통제의 내면화 = 83
• 3. 체중관리 담론: 순응과 주체화를 통한 저항 = 90
• 3.1 지배의 기술을 통한 체중관리담론으로의 순응 = 91
• 3.1.1 집단화 훈련 = 92
• 3.1.2 자기통제와 운동선수다움의 담론 = 94
• 3.1.3 위계적 권력에 대한 복종 = 97
• 3.2 주체화를 통한 저항의 가능성과 그 한계 = 100
• 3.2.1 체중관리 맥락에서의 선수들의 윤리적 자기 돌봄 = 101
• 3.2.2 체중관리와 선수들의 미적인 자기-양식화 및 비판적 자기-인지 = 105
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 = 111
• 1. 결론 = 111
• 2. 제언 = 113
• 참고문헌 = 114
• ■ 부록 ■
• ABSTRACT = 134
• 감사의 글 = 137