This research on mothers with children who have not yet attended school studied on factors that effect mother's stress and guilt in raising children, focusing on sociology of population aspects, and the effect these stress and guilt have in the mother...
This research on mothers with children who have not yet attended school studied on factors that effect mother's stress and guilt in raising children, focusing on sociology of population aspects, and the effect these stress and guilt have in the mother's attitude in raising children. The purpose of this study is to build the foundation of preparing a systematical and intentional solution in reducing the mother's stress and guilt in raising children, and convert the types of attitude in raising children to a desirable direction.
The study was based on 544 mothers in the Seoul and Kyung-gi region with children who have not yet entered school, and the measuring instruments are as the following.
The In-suk Jang's (2001) scale was used for the measurement of stress in raising children. The actual scales are Parental Distress factors from Abidin's (1990) Parenting Stress Index, Crnic and Greenberg(1990)'s Parenting Daily Hassles(PHD) and Mann and Thornberg(1987)'s scale developed to measure the stress in raising children of working mothers, but Ki-hyun Kim and Hee-kyung Kang(1997) modified them to be suitable for Korea's situation. The actual measuring instrument is composed of 'general stress in raising children (12 questions),' 'the burden and stress of being a parent (12 questions)' and 'guilt in raising another person (8 questions),' but 'guilt in raising another person' questions composed the guilt in raising children scale in In-suk Jang's(2001) study, and accordingly this section was excluded in the stress in raising children scale to use only 24 questions in total. Since this study also measures guilt in raising children separately, it also used 24 questions as in In-suk Jang's research.
In-suk Jang(2001) developed the guilt in raising children scale by modifying the stress in raising children scale. This scale is composed of 17 questions in total, based on 'the guilt in raising another person scale' from the stress in raising children scales that Ki-hyun Kim and Hee-kyung Kang(1997) developed, and 'Maternal Guilt Scale' that Mann and Thornberg(1987) developed.
The attitude in raising children scale is the attitude of parents in raising children scale that Jong-sun Lee and sung-shim Oh(1982) used. Using this scale which is composed of 22 positive questions and 18 negative questions, the attitude of parents in raising children is divided into eight types of four dimensions such as affection-hostility, self-control-control, accomplishment-non-accomplishment and rational-irrational.
The summary of this study is as follows.
First, as a result of studying the difference of parent's stress and guilt in raising children according to sociology of population aspects, both variables showed meaningful difference based on the state of employment, educational background, income and the form of families, but did not show significant difference based on age.
Second, the correlation between the stress and guilt in raising children and the attitude in raising children turned out to be very high. The higher the stress of raising children, the higher the guilt was in raising children, and the attitude showed a negative form as the stress and guilt of raising children became higher.
Third, to find out the effect that stress in raising children has on the attitude of raising children, a regression analysis was performed with the stress subordinate variable as the independent variable, and the attitude and subordinate variables as the dependent variable, and obtained the following results.
General stress and the stress of playing the role of a parent turned out to have meaningful effect on the mother's attitude in raising children, and looking into the subordinate variable categories, all subordinate categories affected the affection-hostility attitude in raising children, while only the stress of playing the role of a parent affected the rational-irrational attitude. However, it turned out that it did not effect the self-control-control and accomplishment-non-accomplishment attitudes.
Fourth, after dividing subordinate factors of guilt in raising children into guilt in raising another person, guilt in caring and guilt in playing the role of a parent, the following results were obtained after performing regression analysis to understand the effect these subordinate factors have in the attitude of raising children.
Looking into the overall effect that guilt in raising another person, guilt in caring and guilt in playing the role of a parent have in parent's attitude, guilt in raising another person did not have effect while guilt in caring and guilt in playing the role of a parent showed meaningful effect.
Next, observing the effect that subordinate factors of guilt have in the mother's affection-hostility attitude, guilt in raising another person and guilt in caring did not have meaningful effect, while guilt in playing the role of a parent did. Also, subordinate factors of guilt showed no effect in self-control-control and accomplishment-non-accomplishment attitudes in raising children.
Considering the effect that guilt in raising another person, guilt in caring and guilt in playing the role of a parent have in the rational-irrational attitude in raising children, the guilt in raising another person had no effect, while the guilt in caring and guilt of not playing the proper role of a parent showed effect in the rational-irrational attitude.
Fifth, as a result of analysing the effect that subordinate factors of stress and guilt in raising children have in the dependent variable -attitude in raising children-, the stress of playing the role of a parent had the biggest effect in causing the mother not to have a positive attitude in raising children, with the guilt in playing the role of a parent and guilt in caring following in order.