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    박정희 체제의 대중통치: 새마을운동의 구조·행위자 상호작용을 중심으로 = The Popular Governing of the Park Chung-hee regime: Focused on An Interaction between Structure and Agent in the Saemaul movement

    한글로보기

    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T10929986

    • 저자
    • 발행사항

      대구 : 경북대학교 일반대학원, 2007

    • 학위논문사항

      학위논문(박사) -- 경북대학교 일반대학원 , 정치학과 , 2007. 2

    • 발행연도

      2007

    • 작성언어

      한국어

    • 주제어
    • KDC

      340.911 판사항(4)

    • DDC

      320 판사항(22)

    • 발행국(도시)

      대구

    • 형태사항

      vii, 277 p. ; 26cm

    • 일반주기명

      박정희

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    부가정보

    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    Despite of the oppressive government, why did so many people make response to and participate the Park Chung-hee regime? Until now, Most of researches on the Park Chung-hee regime recognized mobilization of the regime and participation of the people. However, these researches do not explain an interrelation between mobilization and participation, whether these researches is negative or not the Park Chung-hee regime. This thesis suggests a new question: how does Park Chung-hee regime govern the people? To answer this question, this thesis attempts to analyze the Saemaul movement in 1970's.
    For the purpose of this study, I suggests the Popular Governing as a pattern of government. The Popular Governing is induced governance that the government-group practices for gaining consent from the people and enforcing regime-maintenance. Secondly, I argues that the researches on Park Chung-hee regime pay no attention to an interaction between structure and agent. In this thesis, I analyses an interaction between structure and agent in the Saemaul movement as apply ‘A theory of Structure' that William H. Sewell, Jr. proposed.
    In summary, the result of the thesis is that: first, Park Chung-hee as the highest ruler in the Saemaul movement is a primary factor. Park Chung-hee who made and practiced ‘the discussion of the Samaeul movement' tried to mobilize the people since 1961 but his endeavor failed because of indifference of the people. However, this experience combines with the visiting Gyeongbuk Cheongdo in 1969, the political thought of Park Chung-hee which is likely to instructive leading-popular propensity and social economic structure in 1970's. Therefor the Saemaul movement subsequently occurs. At this point, the Saemaul movement was not an act of the state from the upside, despite of the nationalism, but a result of interaction between practices of the political thought Park Chung-hee and participation of the people.
    Secondly, despite of the separate conditions such as rural areas, factories and city areas, the Park Chung-hee regime constructed a systemic connection between state and society. This connection was possible through restraint of community consciousness and social norm. Therefore the connection between state and society in the Saemaul movement was a result of interaction between systematization from upside and collective participation of the people that is likely to follow community tradition. Thirdly, the Park Chung-hee regime in the Saemaul movement practices a economical inducement as offering discriminative reward to a rural community, industrialization and economic development in 1960's offers material basis on ruling of the Park Chung-hee regime. However, so many problems such as gap between city and rural, labor issue and economic desire of the people arose from those. The Park Chung-hee regime in 1970's through the Saemaul movement offered economical inducement to the people for resolving these problems. The collective participation of the people through economical inducement was a result of interaction between ruling through discriminative reward and community enterprise and joint labor.
    Lastly, The Park Chung-hee regime in the Saemaul movement spread a ruling ideology through the Saemaul education and the Saemaul symbols. The Park Chung-hee regime especially emphasized ‘the modernization of the country' and the regime argued that to practice ‘the Saemaul Spirits' includes this slogan. The Saemaul education in which all member of community from government-group to the people participated was a path that spreads the ruling ideology such as ‘anti-communism', ‘developmentalism' and ‘nationalism'. Also, this ideology spreads through the Saemaul symbols represented a large meeting and ceremony. Through this education and symbols, the people was encouraged by the results that they made and was aware themselves of a important social-being. The Participation of the people through education and spread of the Saemaul symbols is a good example that shows a integration between the ruling ideology and the people.
    In conclusion, The Saemaul movement is a result of interaction between social economic structure and political agents such as the Park Chung-hee regime and the people. In the viewpoint of government that the Park Chung-hee regime practiced, The Saemaul movement is a result of interaction between the leading-popular ruling and the people. However, The strategic purposes of the Park Chung-hee regime such as ‘the modernization of the country' and ‘the total mobilization' failed because the disequilibrium between growth and distribution through modernization do not resolve the relative deprivation, the alienation and the coercive social order through ‘the total mobilization' bring about the resistance of the people against the authoritarianism.
    번역하기

    Despite of the oppressive government, why did so many people make response to and participate the Park Chung-hee regime? Until now, Most of researches on the Park Chung-hee regime recognized mobilization of the regime and participation of the people. ...

    Despite of the oppressive government, why did so many people make response to and participate the Park Chung-hee regime? Until now, Most of researches on the Park Chung-hee regime recognized mobilization of the regime and participation of the people. However, these researches do not explain an interrelation between mobilization and participation, whether these researches is negative or not the Park Chung-hee regime. This thesis suggests a new question: how does Park Chung-hee regime govern the people? To answer this question, this thesis attempts to analyze the Saemaul movement in 1970's.
    For the purpose of this study, I suggests the Popular Governing as a pattern of government. The Popular Governing is induced governance that the government-group practices for gaining consent from the people and enforcing regime-maintenance. Secondly, I argues that the researches on Park Chung-hee regime pay no attention to an interaction between structure and agent. In this thesis, I analyses an interaction between structure and agent in the Saemaul movement as apply ‘A theory of Structure' that William H. Sewell, Jr. proposed.
    In summary, the result of the thesis is that: first, Park Chung-hee as the highest ruler in the Saemaul movement is a primary factor. Park Chung-hee who made and practiced ‘the discussion of the Samaeul movement' tried to mobilize the people since 1961 but his endeavor failed because of indifference of the people. However, this experience combines with the visiting Gyeongbuk Cheongdo in 1969, the political thought of Park Chung-hee which is likely to instructive leading-popular propensity and social economic structure in 1970's. Therefor the Saemaul movement subsequently occurs. At this point, the Saemaul movement was not an act of the state from the upside, despite of the nationalism, but a result of interaction between practices of the political thought Park Chung-hee and participation of the people.
    Secondly, despite of the separate conditions such as rural areas, factories and city areas, the Park Chung-hee regime constructed a systemic connection between state and society. This connection was possible through restraint of community consciousness and social norm. Therefore the connection between state and society in the Saemaul movement was a result of interaction between systematization from upside and collective participation of the people that is likely to follow community tradition. Thirdly, the Park Chung-hee regime in the Saemaul movement practices a economical inducement as offering discriminative reward to a rural community, industrialization and economic development in 1960's offers material basis on ruling of the Park Chung-hee regime. However, so many problems such as gap between city and rural, labor issue and economic desire of the people arose from those. The Park Chung-hee regime in 1970's through the Saemaul movement offered economical inducement to the people for resolving these problems. The collective participation of the people through economical inducement was a result of interaction between ruling through discriminative reward and community enterprise and joint labor.
    Lastly, The Park Chung-hee regime in the Saemaul movement spread a ruling ideology through the Saemaul education and the Saemaul symbols. The Park Chung-hee regime especially emphasized ‘the modernization of the country' and the regime argued that to practice ‘the Saemaul Spirits' includes this slogan. The Saemaul education in which all member of community from government-group to the people participated was a path that spreads the ruling ideology such as ‘anti-communism', ‘developmentalism' and ‘nationalism'. Also, this ideology spreads through the Saemaul symbols represented a large meeting and ceremony. Through this education and symbols, the people was encouraged by the results that they made and was aware themselves of a important social-being. The Participation of the people through education and spread of the Saemaul symbols is a good example that shows a integration between the ruling ideology and the people.
    In conclusion, The Saemaul movement is a result of interaction between social economic structure and political agents such as the Park Chung-hee regime and the people. In the viewpoint of government that the Park Chung-hee regime practiced, The Saemaul movement is a result of interaction between the leading-popular ruling and the people. However, The strategic purposes of the Park Chung-hee regime such as ‘the modernization of the country' and ‘the total mobilization' failed because the disequilibrium between growth and distribution through modernization do not resolve the relative deprivation, the alienation and the coercive social order through ‘the total mobilization' bring about the resistance of the people against the authoritarianism.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • 제1장 서론 = 1
    • 제1절 문제제기와 연구목적 = 1
    • 제2절 연구대상과 방법 = 7
    • 1. 연구대상 = 7
    • 2. 연구방법 = 10
    • 제1장 서론 = 1
    • 제1절 문제제기와 연구목적 = 1
    • 제2절 연구대상과 방법 = 7
    • 1. 연구대상 = 7
    • 2. 연구방법 = 10
    • 제2장 이론적 고찰 = 12
    • 제1절 논문의 주요 개념에 대한 논의 = 12
    • 1. 대중 = 12
    • 2. 대중통치(popular governing) = 16
    • 1) 통치의 한 양식으로서 ‘대중통치’ = 16
    • 2) 헤게모니(hegemony)와 대중통치 = 20
    • 제2절 기존 연구의 검토 = 27
    • 1. 경제개발과 대중적 결합에 초점을 둔 연구경향 = 28
    • 1) 경제개발의 긍정성과 대중적 결합을 강조하는 입장 = 29
    • 2) 경제개발의 부정성과 국가동원성을 강조하는 입장 = 34
    • 2. 박정희 체제의 근대적 지배에 초점을 둔 연구경향 = 41
    • 1) 파시즘 헤게모니를 강조하는 입장 = 41
    • 2) 독재의 강제를 강조하는 입장 = 46
    • 3. 기존 연구 검토의 소결 = 52
    • 제3절 분석틀 = 56
    • 1. 분석대상 = 56
    • 2. 분석모형 = 58
    • 1) 기존 연구의 분석시각 = 58
    • 2) 구조와 행위자 상호작용의 분석시각 = 63
    • 3) 본 연구의 분석모형 = 68
    • 제4절 논문의 구성 = 70
    • 제3장 새마을운동의 배경 = 73
    • 제1절 권위적 통치구조의 구축 = 74
    • 1. 1961년~1963년 군부권력의 구축 = 74
    • 2. 1963년~1972년 대통령중심의 통치구조 구축 = 78
    • 제2절 박정희 체제의 통치이데올로기 전개 = 84
    • 1. 1961년~1963년 ‘국가재건’의 통치이데올로기 = 84
    • 2. 1963년~1972년 ‘조국근대화’의 통치이데올로기 = 86
    • 제2절 경제성장에 따른 사회경제적 변동 = 88
    • 1. 1960년대 경제성장과 국가능력의 증대 = 88
    • 2. 경제성장과 대중의 사회경제적 조건의 변동 = 92
    • 제3절 소결 = 99
    • 제4장 새마을운동에서 최고통치자의 실천적 요인 = 103
    • 제1절 새마을가꾸기운동: 통치행위의 결과이자 과정의 계기 = 103
    • 1. 과거 동원에서 최고통치자의 통치전략적 경험 = 104
    • 2. 새마을가꾸기운동의 전개와 새마을운동으로의 확장 = 108
    • 제2절 새마을운동에서 박정희 정치사상의 실천 = 111
    • 1. 국가주의에 입각한 대중지향적 정치사상 = 111
    • 2. 대중과의 일체화 실천 = 115
    • 제3절 소결 = 117
    • 제5장 새마을운동에서 국가와 사회의 조직적 연계 요인 = 119
    • 제1절 중앙집권적 조직체계의 구성 = 119
    • 1. 농촌새마을운동의 조직체계 = 120
    • 1) 공식적 운동조직의 구성 = 120
    • 2) 지방행정조직의 강화와 농촌마을의 조직화 = 123
    • 3) 비공식적 운동조직의 활용 = 126
    • 2. 공장새마을운동의 조직체계 = 129
    • 3. 도시새마을운동의 조직체계 = 131
    • 1) 공식적 운동조직의 구성 = 131
    • 2) 비공식적 운동조직의 활용 = 135
    • 제2절 공동체의 활용 = 136
    • 1. 농촌새마을운동에서 마을공동체의 활용 = 136
    • 1) 농촌사회의 공동체적 전통 = 138
    • 2) 공동체로서 ‘마을회의’의 활용 = 141
    • 2. 공장새마을운동에서 생산현장공동체의 활용 = 149
    • 1) 가족주의적 공동체의식의 강조 = 149
    • 2) 노사협의회 = 151
    • 3) 생산현장조직으로서 ‘분임조’ = 153
    • 3. 도시새마을운동에서 지역공동체의 활용 = 156
    • 1) 지역공동체로서 ‘반상회’ = 157
    • 2) ‘이웃회’ㆍ‘반원계’ 등 생활공동체의 인위적 조직화 = 160
    • 제3절 새마을운동에서 조직활동가의 활용 = 162
    • 1. 농촌새마을운동에서 조직활동가 = 162
    • 1) 이장 및 새마을지도자 = 162
    • 2) 마을자치조직 활동가 = 166
    • 2. 공장새마을운동에서 활동가 = 170
    • 3. 도시새마을운동에서 조직활동가 = 172
    • 1) 통ㆍ반장 및 새마을지도자 = 172
    • 2) 반 단위 자치조직의 활동가 = 174
    • 제4절 소결 = 176
    • 제6장 새마을운동에서 경제적 유인 요인 = 179
    • 제1절 경제적 보상의 차별화를 통한 경쟁 유발 = 179
    • 1. 농촌새마을운동에서 단위조직의 경쟁 = 179
    • 1) 공동체중심의 보상원칙과 마을 등급화 = 179
    • 2) 경제적 보상의 내용 = 186
    • 2. 공장새마을운동에서 단위조직간의 경쟁 = 187
    • 3. 도시새마을운동에서 단위조직간의 경쟁 = 191
    • 제2절 집단이익실현의 공동사업 활용 = 192
    • 1. 농촌새마을운동에서 공동사업 = 193
    • 1) 공동재산조성사업 = 193
    • 2) 마을환경개선사업 = 196
    • 2. 공장새마을운동에서 공동사업 = 203
    • 3. 도시새마을운동에서 공동사업 = 205
    • 1) 공동기금조성사업 = 205
    • 2) 소규모 환경개선사업 = 207
    • 제3절 개별적 이익실현의 활용 = 210
    • 1. 농촌새마을운동에서 개별적 이익실현 = 210
    • 1) 취로사업 = 210
    • 2) 새마을공장사업 = 212
    • 2. 공장새마을운동에서 개별적 이익실현 = 216
    • 3. 도시새마을운동에서 개별적 이익실현 = 218
    • 제4절 소결 = 219
    • 제7장 새마을운동에서 통치이데올로기와 상징 요인 = 221
    • 제1절 새마을교육을 통한 통치이데올로기의 확산 = 221
    • 1. 농촌새마을운동에서의 새마을교육 = 222
    • 2. 공장새마을운동에서의 새마을교육 = 225
    • 3. 도시새마을운동에서의 새마을교육 = 228
    • 제2절 새마을상징의 활용 = 231
    • 1. 농촌새마을운동의 상징 = 231
    • 1) 집회와 의식 = 231
    • 2) 근대적 의례의 강조 = 235
    • 2. 공장새마을운동의 상징 = 240
    • 3. 도시새마을운동의 상징 = 244
    • 1) ‘새마을’ 명칭의 상징성 = 244
    • 2) 3대 질서운동과 봉사활동 = 246
    • 3) 새마을성금 = 251
    • 제4절 소결 = 252
    • 제8장 결론 = 255
    • 참고문헌 = 261
    • Abstract = 275
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