This study aims to improve the degree of financial independence of retired aged people by analyzing the current transfer of financial resources between their children and family members and influential factors for the transfer, using retired aged peop...
This study aims to improve the degree of financial independence of retired aged people by analyzing the current transfer of financial resources between their children and family members and influential factors for the transfer, using retired aged people as the subject. With this purpose, the study conducted research into the difference in general characteristics according to whether or not the retired aged people receive financial resources benefits, analyzed the difference in the benefit amount according to general characteristics by classifying retired aged people who receive financial resources by the type of family, and identified influential factors on whether they receive financial resources benefit and influential factors on the benefit amount.
For this purpose, the study used the 6th Korea Labor and Income Panel Study that was conducted for a study of the Korea Labor Institute in 2003. Ultimately 537 househageds with retired aged people were used as samples, including 263 househageds with financial resource benefits and 274 houshageds without it. For data analysis, the study employed the SAS/PC Statistic Program (Version 9.1) for simple frequency and percentile, average and standard deviation, cross analysis and t-test, ANOVA, and Heckman analysis.
The result of analysis of the research project includes the following.
First, as a result of reviewing (general characteristics) according to whether retired aged people receive financial resources benefit, 48.98% of retired aged people were shown to receive financial resources, and 51.02% of them were shown not to receive financial resources. Also, households with female retired aged people rather than male retired aged people, retired aged people residing in Seoul and metropolitan cities rather than those in small and medium size towns and other regions, retired aged people with relatively more children, and retired aged people with a relatively long retirement period had a greater probability of receiving financial resources from their children or family members. In addition, the average monthly income of retired aged people was 1.8 times higher for retired aged people who receive financial resources than for those who do not, and the total assets of retired aged people was 1.5 times higher for retired aged people who receive financial resources than for those who do not.
Second, as a result of reviewing the general characteristics of retired aged people and househageds by classifying the family type of retired aged people into single family, couple family, and other family, mainly sons offered financial resources to retired aged parents; and for the number of suppliers of financial resources, one person offered the resources in all the three types of family . Also, when retired aged people receiving financial resources are either a couple family or another family, the rate of female householder is higher than that of male householder and single family. The educational background of a single family was elementary school graduate or under, whereas a couple family and other family showed middle school graduate or below. Also, for the average monthly income, single family posted the lowest, and also posted the lowest in total assets. For the current financial condition, most respondents of all the three types of family answered unsatisfactory, and for the overall satisfaction degree of their overall life, couple family felt satisfactory more than moderately, whereas single family and other family felt unsatisfactory.
Third, when reviewing the difference in financial resources benefit amount according to the general characteristics of retired aged people, for family type, the financial resource benefit amount of a single family was remarkably small; and with regard to socio-demographic features, male householder, retired aged people of lower ages, and retired aged people with higher education background received more financial resources. In particular, those with a smaller number of children or those residing in metropolitan cities or small and medium size towns and others received more financial resources. Also, retired aged people with a higher retirement allowance, average monthly income, and total assets received more financial resources benefit than those without; and retired aged people who perceive the current financial condition positive received more financial resources benefit than those who perceive the current financial condition negative. For suppliers of financial resources, the benefit amount of retired aged people who receive financial resources from their sons was the highest; and when there is one supplier of financial resources, the financial resources benefit amount was the highest.
Fourth, when reviewing the financial resources benefit amount according to the general characteristics of retired aged people by the types of family, the financial resources benefit amount of retired aged people was the highest in a single family and an other family, and the financial resources benefit amount of retired aged people with a higher education background was high in a single family. When the number of children is three or over in a single family and a couple family, retired aged people in an other family residing in Seoul and metropolitan cities received more financial resources benefit. Also, retired aged people with a higher retirement allowance received more financial resources benefit in a single family and an other family; and for the average monthly income, in all the three types of family, retired aged people with higher average monthly income received more financial resources benefit. In addition, as more couple families perceived the current financial condition positive, and when the supplier of financial resources of a single family and a couple family was a son and the number of children was one, they received more financial resources benefit from their children and family than others.
Finally, as a result of analyzing influential factors on whether retired aged people receive financial resources and the benefit amount by the entire family memebrs, single family, couple family, and other family, for determinant factors as to whether all retired aged people receive
financial resources, a couple family rather than other family, retired aged people of higher ages, those with more children, those residing in small and medium size towns and regions other than in Seoul, those with lower retirement allowances, those with higher average monthly incomes, and those that had a more negative perception on the current financial condition were more likely to receive financial resources. For the next step, as a result of analyzing influential factors on the financial resources benefit allowance of retired aged people, it was shown that the financial resources benefit amount increased for those with higher average monthly income and total assets and those with the lowest number of suppliers of financial resources.
On the other hand, retired aged people of a single family were highly likely to receive financial resources when they have a higher number of children and higher average monthly income, and the financial resources benefit amount was found to increase when retired aged people have higher total assets and a lower number of suppliers of financial resources. Also, retired aged people of a couple family were very likely to receive financial resources when they are of a higher age, have higher average monthly income, and perceive the current financial condition negative; and for factors of influence on the financial resources benefit amount, the higher was the average monthly income and total income, and the lower the number of suppliers of financial resources, the greater was the financial resources benefit. Retired aged people of an other family were very likely to receive financial resources when they are male householders, of a higher age, have more children, reside in small and medium size towns and areas other than in Seoul, and perceive the current financial condition negative; and the higher was their average monthly income, the greater was their financial resources benefit amount.