목초액의 한지형 잔디 토양전염성 병원균에 대한 방제효과 = Effects of Pyroligneous Acid on the Control of Soil-Borne Pathogen in Cool Season Turfgrass

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Current management practices to control the large patch mainly depend on the fungicide application which in turn cause environmental pollution such as a tolerance to pathogenic bacteria and destruction of an ecological system of soil microbes according to use fungicides.
This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial effects of pyroligneous acid on the cool season turfgrass-Ryegrasse(Lolium spp.), Tall Fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Bentgrass(Agrosis spp.), Kentucky Bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.)- and to propose the practical use for environmentally friendly management in Korean golf course.
A Fungal isolates were newly collected from Zoysia's roots with symptoms of large-patch disease on a fairway of a golf course in Sa-cheon, Kyeong-nam, Korea, which seriously occurred during the early spring and autumn period of 2006.
The results were as follows.
The ratio of Rhizoctonia spp., Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. among isolates was 50.5%, 16.2%, 13.1% in March and April. The ratio of Rhizoctonia spp., Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. was 73.0%, 13.0%, 7.0% in May, June, July, September later and October. The ratio of Rhizoctonia spp., Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. among isolates was 90.0%, 7.0%, 0.0% in August and September earlier.
The cultures were evaluated for mycelial color, sclerotial formation and aerial mycelium after incubating 2 days on PDA at 27°C. In a microscopic study, Rhizoctonia spp. had abuse angle branching, apparent septum, thick cell wall. The thickness of mycelia were about 136～153㎛. The thickness of newly branched mycelia were thicker than that of existing mycelia.
The isolates presented on PDA medium was identical to Rhizoctonia solani., Pythium ultium., Fusarium oxyporum and Phytophthora capsici.. On PDA medium, individual mycelial appearance of 64 isolates was very similar except for the pigment. The colour of 64 mycelia were dark brown, yellowish brown, brown by period. The growth of aerial mycelia were low, but the growth rate of colony were rapid. Four isolates, collected from 64 isolates, which had dark brown colour, grew at temperatures ranging from 10 to 35°C and grew well at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C.
The control efficacy of pyroligneous acid and extract fractions on Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, Furarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici. was tested. The pathogene except Furarium oxysporum was not controlled at 500 times diluents of pyroligneous acid. The most pathogene was controlled more or less at 500 times diluents of extract fractions(chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol). Especially ethyl acetate inhibited pathogene except Rhizoctonia solani, chloroform inhibited pathogene except Pythium ultimum.
In seed germination of turfgrass(Lolium spp., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Agrosis spp., Poa pratensis L.) treated by 500 times diluted pyroligneous acid and it's extract fractions (chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol) were decreased. But seed germination of turfgrass in 1,000 times dilution was better than that in 500 times dilution.
The growth of Kentucky Bluegrass, Tall Fescue, Ryegrass and Bentgrass affected by 1,000 times diluted pyroligneous acid and it's extract fractions(chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol) were good.
The disease in Lolium spp., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Agrosis spp., and Poa pratensis L. inoculated Rhizoctonia solani, were treated by 500 times and 1000 times diluents of pyroligneous acid were reduced slightly. But 500 times and 1,000 times diluents of hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform inhibited Rhizoctonia solani better than that of pyroligneous acid. And the control efficacy of 500 times diluents of pyroligneous acid and it's extract fractions(chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol) to Rhizoctonia solani. was better than that of 1,000 times.
Considering the results mentioned above, the diluents of pyroligneous acid itself can not inhibited soil-born pathogene, and if a great deal of hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform were obtained economically, the control method of soil-born pathogene was practical without plant damage.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• 표목차 = ⅲ
• 그림목차 = ⅳ
• I. 서론 = 1
• II. 연구사 = 4
• III. 재료 및 방법 = 14
• 1. 공시재료 = 14
• 2. 병원균의 밀도 조사 = 15
• 3. 병원균의 분리 및 보관 = 15
• 4. 병원균의 특성조사 = 16
• 5. 현미경 검경 = 16
• 6. 분리 균주의 병원성 검정 = 17
• 7. 유기용매를 이용한 목초액의 유용성분 추출 = 17
• 8. 목초액 및 유기용매추출물의 항균력 검정 = 19
• 9. 목초액의 잔디종자 발아 및 생육에 미치는 영향 검정 = 19
• 10. 목초액 및 유기용매 추출물의 Rhizoctonia solani 방제시험 = 20
• IV. 결과 및 고찰 = 21
• 1. 병원균의 분리 및 밀도 = 21
• 2. 병원균의 특성 = 23
• 3. 유기용매를 이용한 목초액의 추출 및 항균력 = 26
• 4. 목초액 및 추루물의 잔디종자 발아 및 생육에 미치는 영향 = 29
• 5. 목초액 및 유기용매 추출물을 이용한 잔디 Rhizoctonia solani 병원균의 방제시험 = 31
• V. 결론 = 33
• VI. 참고문헌 = 36
• SUMMARY = 39