보건·복지공무원의 양성평등의식과 성차별경험이 임파워먼트와 서비스 질에 미치는 영향 = (The)influences of the gender equality consciousness and the experience of sexual discrimination by public service workers in the health and welfare sector on their empowerment and on their service quality

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigates how the personalcharacteristics of public service workers in the health and welfare sector and their task environments are related to their gender equality consciousness and their experiences of sexual discrimination and how their gender equality consciousness and experiences of sexual discrimination affect job satisfaction, empowerment, burnout, and the quality of services provided by them.
Both literature reviews and an empirical study are conducted. The literature review covers domestic and international journals, books, and miscellaneous articles in order to find out the theoretical backgrounds of gender cognitive perspective, gender consciousness, gender equality and discrimination, job satisfaction, empowerment, the quality of welfare services, job environment, and burnout. Based on such review of literature, I develop a conceptual model and hypotheses. I test the hypotheses from the data collected by the survey conducted from October 4 to October 14, 2005 among 580 public service workers in the health and welfare sector in Daejeon metropolitan area. The main findings are as follows:
First, I find significant differences in the gender equality consciousness along demographic characteristics: gender, age groups, job rank, job area. Such finding suggests that one needs to take into account such differences when one designs educational programs to enhance gender cognition and gender equality consciousness and also needs to customize programs based on such differences. Ignoring such difference would limit the effectives of the educational programs.
Second, there is a high correlation between the job environment and the gender equality consciousness of public service workers in the health and welfare sector. Specifically, it is found that there is a significant correlation between the fairness of personnel management and the gender equality consciousness. So it is critical to have discrimination-free placement and fair opportunity for education and promotion in order to enhance the gender quality consciousness of the employee in an organization.
Third, it is supported that there is negative correlation between the gender equality consciousness and the experiences of sexual discrimination. While there is no significant correlation for the conservative norm for gender role, I find a significantly negative correlation between the gender equality consciousness in the progressive norm for gender role and the experiences of sexual discrimination.In other words, those who have higher level of gender equality consciousness tend to be more sensitive in perceiving discriminations in promotion, placement, assessment, education, and participation in decision making process. Therefore, the basis for gender equality in the public service sector would be fair personnel management. Gender conscious personnel policy can be incorporated by actualizing affirmative actions.
Fourth, the job satisfaction of public service workers in the health and welfare sector in influenced by age, job rank, certificates, support from supervisors and colleagues,participative decision making process, task related discriminative factors (such as job assignment, duty carrying, and overtime work) and job meaningfulness. Especially, the meaningfulness of empowerment is the most influential, which underlines the importance of periodic empowering processes in order to enhance job prestige. For this purpose, team organization would be preferred to the hierarchical organization.
Fifth, it is found that fair personnel management, gender equality consciousness in the progressive norm for gender role, the experiences of sexual discrimination in educational opportunities are influential on empowerment. In order to enhance the gender equality consciousness and attitude, we need to institutionalize regular training programs for gender cognition for all ranks in the organization.
Sixth, it turns out that the quality of services provided by public service workers in the health and welfare sector is affected by age, certificates, fair personnel management, support from supervisors and colleagues, capabilities, and job meaningfulness. So it is important to build a fair personnel system in order to provide high quality services to clients.
Based on the findings, I would suggest as follows:
First, the course on gender equality should be a prerequisite in the training programs for public workers and all public service workers in all ranks should be required to take the course regularly.
Second, affirmative actions should be legislated.
Third, the assessment of the gender effects of policies should be framed extensively.
Fourth, fair personnel policies should be established and it should be monitored if there is any conventional sexual discrimination.
Fifth, we need a policy that enables job-family compatibility.
It is expected that those practical suggestions based on the my study will enhance the gender equality consciousness of public workers in the health and welfare sector and strengthen their empowerment, which in turn will increase the quality of services they provide and eventually will increase the quality of life of all citizens.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 보건·복지 담당공무원들을 중심으로 개인적 특성· 직무환경에 따라 양성평등의식과 차별경험에 어떠한 차이가 있으며, 양성평등의식과 차별경험은 복지업무 수행과정에 있어 직무만족·임파워먼트·소진, 복지서비스 질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다.
이를 위하여 문헌연구와 실증적 연구를 병행하였다. 조사는 대전지역에서 근무하고 있는 광역 및 자치단체 보건·복지 담당공무원 580명을 대상으로 2005년10월 4일부터 10월 14까지 10일간 설문조사를 실시하여 설문 결과를 분석함으로써 가설을 검증하였고 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 양성평등의식 차이 분석결과 보건복지공무원 집단간 특히 성별·연령별·직급별·직렬별 유의한 차이가 있었다.
둘째, 직무환경에 따라 양성평등의식의 차이를 조사한 결과 직무환경은 보건복지담당공무원의 양성평등의식과 높은 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다
셋째, 양성평등의식과 차별경험은 부의 상관관계임이 나타났다. 보수적 성역할규범에서는 유의미한 상관관계가 없었지만 진보적 성역할규범의 양성평등의식과 차별경험은 유의미한 부의 상관관계로 나타났다.
넷째, 임파워먼트에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 연령, 공정한 인사관행, 진보적·보수적 성역할규범의 양성평등의식, 교육 및 연수에서의 차별경험이 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 특히 진보적 양성평등의식은 임파워먼트의 의미성과 역량성에 가장 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났으며 보수적 양성평등의식도 임파워먼트의 의미성에 유의미한 영향력이 있는 것이 입증되어 양성평등의식이 임파워먼트에 영향을 주는 중요한 요인임이 증명되었다.
여섯째, 복지서비스 질에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 연령, 자격증, 직무환경의 공정한 인사관행, 긍정적 상사 및 동료의 지지, 임파워먼트의 역량성과 의미성으로 분석되었다.
따라서 연구결과를 중심으로 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다.
첫째, 적극적 조치의 입법이 필요하다.
둘째, 공무원 양성평등의식 제고를 위한 양성평등의식을 강화하여야 한다.
셋째, 양성평등의식 교수요원의 발굴 및 양성을 위한 노력이 지속되어야 한다.
넷째, 성인지적관점을 정책에 도입하기 위해서는 정책의 성별영향평가 제도를 확대 실시하여야 한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구의 필요성 및 연구목적 = 1
• 제2절 연구문제 = 5
• 제2장 이론적 배경 = 6
• 제1절 공직환경과 양성평등의식·성차별 = 6
• 제2절 임파워먼트·서비스 질과 양성평등의식·성차별 = 25
• 제3절 선행연구 검토 = 30
• 제3장 연구방법 = 49
• 제1절 연구모형과 가설 설정 = 49
• 제2절 조사설계 및 분석방법 = 51
• 제4장 조사결과 분석 = 60
• 제1절 조사대상자의 인구통계학적 특성 = 60
• 제2절 변수의 신뢰도 및 타당도 분석 = 62
• 제3절 가설의 검증 = 68
• 제5장 결론 및 제언 = 87
• 참고문헌 = 96
• 설문지 = 109
• ABSTRACT = 117