유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육스트레스가 유아의 사회적 유능감에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Children's Temperament & Mother's Parenting Stress on Young Children's Social Competence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of children's temperament and mother's parenting stress on young children's social competence. The final goal of this study suggest the fundamental data that can be used in parenting program and counseling.

Subjects of this study consisted of 295 mothers who had from four-to five-year-old children drawn from 6 preschools in Cheongju city. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Cronbach α, t-test, F-test, Tukey's post hoc test, and Pearson correlation using SPSSWIN Program. The theoretical model was tested by LISREL VIII program.

The results of this research were as follows:

First, there were differences in children's temperament, mother's parenting stress, and children's social competence according to general background. Boys showed higher activity and adaptability of temperament than girls while girls were higher in reactivity to an environment than boys. Parents who had a high level of education had less relational parenting stress of mothers than those who had a low level of education. Five-year-old children showed more social competence than 4-year-old ones. When fathers had more educational background, children showed more social competence than those who had not.

Second, for boys, children's activity and adaptability directly influenced on children's social competence. Children's adaptability and reactivity directly influenced on it for girls.

Third, boys' adaptability directly influenced on mother's temperamental and relational parenting stress, and reactivity of temperament directly affected mother's temperamental parenting stress. Girls' temperament such as activity, adaptability, and reactivity directly influenced on mother's temperamental parenting stress, and girls' adaptability and reactivity had a direct effect on mother's relational parenting stress.

Fourth, girls' temperament such as activity, adaptability and reactivity had an indirect effect on mother's relational parenting stress through mother's temperamental parenting stress while there were no indirect effects for boys.

Fifth, girls' temperament such as activity, adaptability and reactivity had an indirect effect on children's social competence through mother's temperamental and relational parenting stress while there were no indirect effects for boys.

Sixth, mother's temperamental parenting stress was not caused for mother's relational parenting stress for boys. However, mother's temperamental parenting stress directly influenced on relational parenting stress and indirectly affected on children's social competence through mother's relational parenting stress.

Seventh, mother's relational stress directly influenced on children's social competence, that is, the lower mother's relational stress with children, the higher social competence children showed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 6
• 3. 연구모형 6
• II. 이론적 배경 8
• 1. 유아의 기질과 사회적 유능감 8
• 2. 어머니의 기질스트레스와 관계스트레스 12
• 3. 유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육스트레스 16
• 4. 어머니의 양육스트레스와 유아의 사회적 유능감 19
• III. 연구방법 23
• 1. 연구대상 23
• 2. 측정도구 24
• 3. 자료분석 27
• IV. 결과 및 해석 28
• 1. 조사대상자의 일반적 배경 28
• 2.일반적 배경에 따른 유아의 기질, 어머니의 양육스트레스 및 유아의 사회적 유능감 30
• 3. 성에 따른 유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육스트레스, 유아의 사회적 유능감에 관한 경로 모델 33
• V. 논의 및 결론 41
• 1. 요약 및 논의 41
• 2. 결론 및 제언 49
• 참고문헌 52
• Abstract 65
• 질문지 69