사회적 지원과 유아의 기질이 어머니의 양육효능감에 미치는 영향 = (The) impact of social support and young child temperament on the parenting efficacy of mothers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT
The Impact of Social Support and Young Child
Temperament on the Parenting Efficacy of Mothers


Lee Yoon-jin,
Dept, of Educare Management
Graduate School of Human Life Science
Sung Kyun Kwan University


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the parenting efficacy of mothers with children in early childhood to social support and the temperament of their young children, and to determine what predictive factor had the most impact on their parenting efficacy. It's ultimately meant to lay the groundwork for the development of parent-education programs and remedial programs to improve the parenting efficacy of mothers who had difficulties in child rearing.

The research questions were posed as below:
1. What is the trend in the parenting efficacy of mothers?
2. Is there any relationship between the parenting efficacy of mothers and social support?
3. Is there any relationship between the parenting efficacy of mothers and the temperament of their young children?
4. Are there any gaps between the predictability of social support and of young child temperament about the parenting efficacy of mothers?

The subjects in this study were 379 mothers in Seoul, whose children were in early childhood and at the age of 1 to 5. A survey was conducted to collect data. To evaluate their parenting efficacy, Choi Hyeong-seong(2001)'s inventory was employed, and as for social support, the cooperation of their husbands was assessed by Sin Suk-jae(1997)'s instrument that adapted and modified Abidin(1988)'s Teamwork, one of the subscales of his Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI). And Park Jeong-yun(1992)'s inventory was employed to evaluate what assistance was given to them from their acquaintances. This inventory was based on the social support category of Belsky and Robin(1984)'s inventory. Besides, three different instruments were modified to gauge the temperament of their young children. One was Parent Temperament Questionnaire(PTQ) that covered the temperament of preschool children from a perspective of developmental contexts, and another was Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire(RITQ) that catered to mothers to measure the temperament of their young children. The third was Cheon Hui-yeoung(1993)'s inventory that targeted children of three to seven in Western age. All the test sentences were selected and modified in accordance with the purpose of the study. For data handling, SPSS Win 12.0 program was used to acquire statistical data on mean and standard deviation, and Pearson correlation analysis and standard multiple regression analysis were conducted.

The major findings of the study were as follows:
First, there were five subfactors in parenting efficacy, including overall child rearing ability, healthy rearing, communicative competence, academic guidance ability and discipline ability. Among them, the mothers investigated were especially good at healthy child rearing and communicative competence.
Second, the parenting efficacy of the mothers was positively correlated to social support provided to them. In other words, acquiring child rearing information from significant others and receiving their aid were bound up with their parenting efficacy, and they found their parenting efficacy better when they were backed up by people with the same experience, namely people with affluent child-rearing experience.
Third, there was a significantly positive correlation between the parenting efficacy of the mothers and the temperament of their young children except for some subfactors.
Fourth, social support and the temperament of their children made a good prediction of the parenting efficacy of the mothers. The cooperation of their husbands, one of the subfactors of social support, was identified as the variable that affected their parenting efficacy the most, and the second most influential one was the emotionality of their young children, which was part of temperament.

The findings of the study suggested that social support and the temperament of young children had a major impact on the parenting efficacy of mothers. Especially, the cooperation of husbands made the best prediction of the parenting efficacy of mothers. Especially, the cooperation of husbands made the best prediction of the parenting efficacy of mothers. It could be interpreted that the responsibility of child rearing rests on both of parents, not just on mothers, and that the cooperation of husbands exerted a crucial impact on having mothers believe in themselves as competent mothers.
The findings of the study were expected to be conducive to the development of remedial programs geared toward troubled mothers, parent education programs or programs intended for prospective mothers. When parent education or remedial programs are developed, the fact that parenting efficacy is under the great influence of young child temperament and social support, especially the cooperation of husband, should be taken into consideration, as parenting efficacy have an impact on parenting behaviors.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 4
• 1. 양육효능감 4
• 2. 양육효능감과 사회적 지원 10
• 1) 사회적 지원의 정의 10
• 2) 사회적 지원과 어머니의 양육효능감 12
• 3. 양육효능감과 유아의 기질 14
• 1) 기질의 정의 14
• 2) 유아의 기질과 양육효능감 19
• Ⅲ. 연구문제 21
• Ⅳ. 연구방법 22
• 1. 연구대상 22
• 2. 측정도구 24
• 1) 어머니의 양육효능감 측정도구 24
• 2) 어머니의 사회적 지원 측정도구 25
• 3) 유아 기질 측정도구 27
• 3. 자료수집 및 절차 29
• 1) 예비검사 29
• 2) 본검사 30
• 4. 자료분석 30
• Ⅴ. 결과 및 해석 31
• 1. 연구문제 1의 결과 31
• 2. 연구문제 2의 결과 33
• 3. 연구문제 3의 결과 36
• 4. 연구문제 4의 결과 38
• Ⅵ. 논의 및 결론 40
• 참고문헌 50
• 부 록 62
• ABSTRACT 75