History education is aimed to understand the flow of history through history contents and to enhance historical thinking. The goal of history education is to develop historical thinking that lays important foundation for historical perception and lead...
History education is aimed to understand the flow of history through history contents and to enhance historical thinking. The goal of history education is to develop historical thinking that lays important foundation for historical perception and leads to the creation of history.
It is history study using non-character materials that is presented as one of effective teaching and learning methods to improve historical thinking. History study using pictures is effective in visually embodying children's understanding of history.
Pungsokhwa, which can be utilized as a historical material, represents the painting that describes human beings in real life. As it shows various things on the life of the late Chosun dynasty and is frequently exposed to children through advertisement and other media, it constitutes a learning material that is the most familiar to children.
Accordingly, utilizing Pungsokhwa, this study recomposed units of a textbook related to the late Chosun dynasty and actually applied it to classes.
From the analysis of the research, the following results were obtained.
First of all, the study analyzed survey results to examine the difference in children's interest in Pungsokhwa. Children demonstrated more interest in well preserved humorous Pungsokhwa that is familiar to them due to their previous experience. In the meantime, poorly preserved Pungsokhwa whose theme is tedious and expressions are too complex aroused less interest.
Second, the survey on the effect of classes using Pungsokhwa on children produced the following results. Through the paintings, children more intensively grasped the life of historical characters and empathized with them based on the information they found in the painting. Also, they appreciated the paintings in conjunction with their own life, which provided them an opportunity to have interest in history. However, in order to utilize Pungsokhwa as the tool that enhances historical thinking as well as historical knowledge, an evaluation method needs to be changed to measure both historical knowledge and historical thinking.
Third, in order to examine the effect of classes using Pungsokhwa on children's historical imagination, historical diaries were analyzed. History classes utilizing Pungsokhwa helped all students improve historical imagination regardless of their abilities to learn history. Children showed more imagination when provided with sufficient time and opportunities than when they are given various information.
The results of the research on history education plan utilizing Pungsokhwa generated the following suggestion.
First, classes employing Pungsokhwa provided children with opportunities to comprehend historical events intensively and to consider them in conjunction with their own life. Also, allowing interpretations from various viewpoints. They aroused interest in history, offering children an opportunity to have interest in history.
Children displayed more interest in well preserved humorous paintings that they can relate to their life. Therefore, for the effective utilization of Pungsokhwa in classes, a variety of intriguing Pungsokhwa need to be developed. To this end, not only the works of representative Pungsokhwa painters such as Kim Hong-do, Sin Yun-bok, and Kim Tuk-sin but also that of other Pungsokhwa painters who worked in other periods should be investigated. In addition, based on the existing research, systematic Pungsokhwa book needs to published and utilized in history classes.
Second, classes employing Pungsokhwa were effective in improving historical imagination of both children with higher abilities to learn history and children with lower abilities. Children displayed higher level of historical imagination when they inspected information found in the painting and went through sufficient discussion. Therefore, when organizing classes utilizing Pungsokhwa, it is necessary to allocate sufficient time for inspection and efforts for vigorous discussion.