The purpose of this study was to identify the status of private education after school, to see if there is any difference in stress or self-conception according to sex, region and characteristics of private education, and to identify the relationship ...
The purpose of this study was to identify the status of private education after school, to see if there is any difference in stress or self-conception according to sex, region and characteristics of private education, and to identify the relationship between the stress and self-conception. The method to reduce the stress and to enhance the self-conception at the same time will be searched for based on the results. It is also to provide basic materials to teachers and parents who want to guide their students' development to the desirable direction.
To achieve the purpose of the study, the following agenda were set.
First, what is the status of the private education of elementary school students?
Second, is there any difference in stress by sex, region and characteristics of the private education program (type, kind, number and time)?
Third, is there any difference in self-conception in learning by sex, region and characteristics of the private education program (type, kind, number and time)?
Fourth, what is the relationship between the stress and self-conception in learning of elementary school students?
The subjects of this study were 450 Grade 6 students in elementary schools located in Chuncheon-si, Wonju-si, Hongcheon-gun and Inje-gun. Among them 430 copies were collected and total 346 copies except 84 incomplete answers were used for statistical analysis.
The tools used for this study were survey (composed with 11 items such as whether they receive private education or not, type and subject of the private education, number of types and time, subjects of the private education, necessity and reason of private education, interest in program), Stress test (parent factors, private education provider factors, achievement pressure factors, and private life factors), and self-conception in learning test (capability in learning attitude and achievement expectation).
The data was analyzed using SPSS WIN(ver=12.0) and frequency analysis was executed to review the status of private education. In order to identify the difference between stress and self-conception in learning by sex, region and characteristics, t-test and ANOVA were executed. If there is any significant difference in ANOVA results, post verification was executed. Additionally, relational analysis was executed to identify the relationship between stress and self-conception.
The results are as follows.
First, when reviewing the status of private education, 85.5% of the responders were receiving private education. Those who live in city area and male students received more private education than those who live in rural area such as Eup or Myeon and female students.
The types of private education that elementary school students have are in the order of private institute, self-learning paper and private tutor. They mainly have major subjects and English education. The average number of the subjects was 3.92. It was reported that they had private education sessions for 9.91 hours per week.
When studying the perception on the private education, we found that most of the students took private education classes to improve their academic score and they began their private education with the recommendation of their parents. Most of the students answered positively regarding private education that they would need it and it would help the improvement in academic records.
Second, when analyzing the difference in stress by region, sex and characteristics of private education, the average stress score related to private education was 1.95, which shows they do not have big stress because of stress. From sub factors, stress was high in the order of parent factors, private life factors, achievement pressure factors and private education teacher factors.
There was significant difference in stress by region (t=3.309, p<.01), and by sex (t=2.183, p<.05). From the result, female students had more stress than female stress and those who live in city area had more stress than those who live in rural area.
Regarding the difference in stress according to the characteristics, stress according to the number of types, kinds and subjects did not make any significant difference. There was significant difference in number of private education hours per week (F=3.782, p<.05). The more hours of private education they have, the more stress the elementary school students have from parent factors and private life factors.
Third, when analyzing the difference in self-conception in study according to region, sex and characteristics of the program, the average was shown as 2.37, which shows that they have positive self-conception in learning in general.
In the difference in self-conception in learning, those who don't have private education had significantly higher self-conception than those who have private education (t=-2.382, p<.05).
In self-conception according to region, those who live in rural area had significantly higher self-conception than those who live in city(t=-2.412, p<.05). On the other hand, there was not significant difference in learning according to sex.
In self-conception in learning according to characteristics of private education, there was difference in self-conception in number of types (F=11.154, p<.01), number of kinds (F=10.913, p<.01), and number of hours per week (F=6.153, p<.01), while there was no difference in number of subjects and self-conception in learning.
fourth, when it was studied if there is any relationship between stress and self-conception in learning, the self conception in learning had correlations with achievement pressure factors (r=.256, p<.01), parent factors (r=.216, p<.01), and private education teacher factors (r=.191, p<.01). However the correlation was low.
Through this study, we found that elementary school students had positive perception on private education and they did not have much stress from private education. However with the increase of private education, they come to have more stress because of the educational expectation from parents, achievement pressure and deficiency in spare time for personal hobbies produce stress. Additionally, it was shown that those who did not have private education seemed to have higher self conception than those who had private education. Therefore parents need to have enough conversation with children regarding their capabilities, characteristics and interest and let them have enjoyable time in private education. Children should perceive the purpose and necessity and have positive attitude to the private education so as not to feel it as stress. It will enhance the effects of the private education. Additionally, we need to have diversified access to private education to enhance the self-conception in learning through not only acquiring knowledge and functions but also obtaining independent learning attitude and confidence.