Self-enhancing bias refers to one's exaggerated positive evaluation about himself/herself that he/she is better than others in abilities and various personal characteristics. It is diametrically opposite view against traditional mental health notion w...
Self-enhancing bias refers to one's exaggerated positive evaluation about himself/herself that he/she is better than others in abilities and various personal characteristics. It is diametrically opposite view against traditional mental health notion which emphasizes objective, reality-based, and bias –or distortion– free assessment of oneself.
Many researchers have supported the theory of self-enhancing bias that indicates mentally healthy and adaptive people base in fact their belief on illusion. The ability to grow professionally under crises constitutes the core part of research on self-enhancement bias. Studies suggest that positive outlook toward oneself generates positive emotion and thus reduces anxiety level in crisis, which, in turn, enables the person to deal effectively with the crisis. However, to the knowledge of this investigator, there have been no published studies which directly examined the effect of self-enhancing bias on reduction of perceived threat in time of crisis.
In the present paper, the effect of self-enhancing bias on reaction to negative supervisory feedback, generally considered as a crisis among beginning counselors, was examined. The following hypotheses were formulated. (1) In a negative feedback situation, beginning counselors with high, compared to those with low self-enhancement bias, would lower the level of perceived threat, and this lowered perceived threat would foster positive interpretation of the feedback message. (2) Such a mediated effect of perceived threat would be different between positive and negative feedback situations.
Two-hundred-and-three beginning counselors were measured in their self-enhancement bias. They watched a video taped counseling supervision session in which a professional counselor gives out either largely negative or largely positive supervisory feedback for approximately 10 minutes. After watching the tape, the participants responded to two questionnaires, first concerning perceived threat and the second interpretation of feedback.
The data were analized by covariance structure. In negative feedback condition, the original model was that self-enhancement bias indirectly affect the interpretation of the feedback, with the perception of threat acting as a mediator variable in between. In positive feedback condition, on the other hand, it was assumed that self-enhancement bias directly affect the interpretation and perception of threat, without the perception of threat acting as a mediator.
The results of the study were as follow. First, the correlation between self-enhancing and perceived threat was negative.
Second, differential mediation effects of perceived threat were obtained between those of positive and negative feedback condition. The results suggested that those beginning counselors with relatively high, compared to those with relatively low level of self-enhancement bias, relatively tend to interpret the feedback more positively.
Several implications can be drawn from the findings of this study. First, findings are largely consistent with those of previous studies that reported high self-enhancing bias instantly reduces perceived threat in time of crisis. Second, we might need differential approaches in giving negative and positive feedbacks to beginning counselors. That is, when we are about to give negative feedback to beginning counselors, providing a sense of security may be a foremost necessary precondition. Third, self-enhancing bias may function as an important personal variable for beginning counselors in the course of growing as a professionally competent counselor, especially in time of crisis.